Week 5

  1. week 3—week 6: take the online TOEIC
  2. More Reading Power: p.
  3. week 6: vocabulary quiz (p. 2—7)
  4. Pleasure Reading: Read A is for Alibi (up to p. 32)
  5. Homework: read p. 84 (example b); 85 (#1); 86

Unit 4: vocabulary knowledge

p. 64

These methods of disposal, some of which have been going on for years, have increased as the population has grown.

Supervisor n.

Destroy v.

Destructive

Leak n. v.

Later adv. Latter adj.

Synonym or pronoun referent

These methods of disposal dangerous dumping practices of chemical waste

Some of which

These dangerous materials

They

This

It permanently destroyed soil

It

The latter effect pollution of surrounding water sources

There river bed

They chemical waste

Unit 7 Discovering topic of paragraphs

Reading

Unit 7 page 84

State your argument and prove it.

(general statement about a topic – specific information )

Unnecessarily difficult

  1. title + subtitle
  2. illustrations or charts (captions)—pattern
  3. thesis statement in the introduction
  4. headings + subheadings (the development of ideas)
  5. conclusion: the restatement of the thesis; author’s opinions
  6. topic sentence in each of the body paragraphs

The basic structure of a paragraph

1. topic sentence ( the topic or the main idea): includes the main idea or the topic of this paragraph= the author’s opinion about the topic

  1. supporting sentences (main supporting ideas): to provide readers with sufficient information to understand the main idea of the paragraph

a)explanations

(factual information)

b)details or facts

c)examples

d)evidence

  1. concluding sentence (restated main idea): to reach a logical closure

a)restate the main idea of the paragraph

b)to state the author’s suggestion, prediction or other opinion

page 84 EXb

TS: In the TrobianIslands, the yam is both an important food plant and an important part of the culture.

SS:

1. yam house

2. villagers are proud of their garden, especially yam plants

3. yam harvest is one of the high points of the year and the focus for many traditions

*Signal words = connecting words or phrase = connectors = transition words

transition of ideas

For example, in addition, also, furthermore, besides, next etc

p. 85 EX 1 #1

TS: Iceland is not a place for the ordinary tourist.

SS: 3 examples

  1. bare and strange landscape (for example)
  2. the climate—severe winter and short, cool summer (then)
  3. remote location (also)

CS: The few tourists who can put up with the difficulties are warmly welcomed by the Icelanders.

Relevance, movement

Page 86:

The process of comprehension is of making guesses, confirming guesses, correcting guesses, and making more guesses till the end.

Content: background information

Language: sentence structure; vocabulary

Organization:

Cues: a) from text; b) from reader’s background knowledge

Reader-friendly: fulfill the reader’s expectation in organization

Example a:

TS: People have always been interested in bees.

SS:

  1. honey
  2. hardworking
  3. ability to communicate

Topic: bees—people’s interests in bees

Main idea: People are interested in bees for many reasons.

Too specific

Too general

Topic

EXb

TS: Communication is also possible among bees through their sense of smell.

SS:

Bees of a colony share a common smell.

Page 87 EX 2 # 1

TS: These two huge animals may, in fact, come from the same biological family.

SS:

  1. The shape of their heads (for example)
  2. excellent swimmers (anther similarity)
  3. use sounds to show anger or communicate (like the whale)
  4. female elephants and female whales help other females which are giving birth (finally)
  1. too specific
  2. too general
  3. topic

#2

TS: The elephant’s trunk is an essential and unique feature that serves many purposes for it.

SS:

  1. make many kinds of sounds
  2. used as a kind of hand
  3. take dust baths

#3

TS: The intelligence of the elephant is widely known.

SS:

  1. excellent memory
  2. good at solving problems

EX 3 # 1

TS: People usually build their houses out of the materials that are easily available to them.

SS:

  1. wood
  2. stone and brick
  3. plants in tropical regions
  4. blocks of ice

#2

TS: The differences in climate throughout Europe have resulted in differences in the way houses are built.

SS:

  1. 1. the sizes of windows:

hot countries

cold countries

  1. outdoor living areas

hot countries

cold countries

#3

TS: One of the most famous houses in the United States is Monticello.

SS:

  1. a president’s house
  2. a fine example of early nineteenth-century American architecture
  3. lovely in itself, not just an imitation of the Italian architecture
  4. combination of a graceful style and a typical American concern for comfort and function

full service

Example

Topic: the changing family pattern; the recent changes in family patterns

TS: In most industrialized countries, family patterns have changed in recent years.

SS:

1. the past family pattern

2. the current family pattern

Page 90 EX 4

#1 topic: What to do with a blowout; blowout

TS: If you ever get a blowout while you are driving, you should know what to do.

SS:

  1. hold very tightly to the steering wheel
  2. get off the road
  3. turn on the flashing lights

blowout; what to do when getting a blowout

gas n. gasoline = gas gas station

oil = engine oil

#2

Topic: the importance of regular check-up of tires

TS: However, they may forget to check something else that is just as important: the tires.

SS:

  1. potential danger of worn tires and incorrect tire pressure
  2. the need of regular check-up of tires to avoid flat tire or blowout

gasoline = gas gas station engine oil oil change

rotation n.

Topic: the importance of rotating and balancing wheels

TS: You should bring your car regularly to the mechanic or tire specialist for some other work.

SS

1. rotation of tires after certain miles

2. balancing the wheels

Technician

Rotation n.

Page 91

Jet lag

Cranky

#1: the negative effects of jet lag on the brain; jet lag

TS: People usually think of this loss of short-term memory as part of jet lag, the negative effects that many people feel after long flights.

# 2. health problems from sitting still during long flights; why sitting still for a long time is not good for you

TS: If fact, is it not good for you at all: The blood in your legs does not flow well and you are more likely to get a blood clot (a small lump) in your leg.

# 3. the factors for air rage; air rage

TS: Air rage may be the result of several factors.

SS:

  1. worsening travel conditions
  2. reduced seat space
  3. too much alcohol

Dime, quarter, cent

Land-slide; mud-slide

Page 94 Ex 7

#1: what the Hawaiian islands have in common

Fahrenheit Celsius

TS: There are eight islands of various sizes, and while they differ from each other in some ways, they share many features.

SS:

  1. tropical climate
  2. frequent rain
  3. natural beauty
  4. contains plenty of sea animals

#2 topic : natural history of Hawaiian islands

TS: The islands, in fact, have an interesting and unusual natural history.

#3: the unique features of each of the islands

TS: Each of the islands also has features that are special and unique.

SS:

  1. the Big island
  2. the Island of Oahu
  3. the island of Maui

EX 8

1. similarities between studying music and studying languages

2. math anxiety

3. positive feelings keep you living longer

Longevity and positive feelings

The importance of positive feeling in enhancing longer lives

Longevous

EX 8

#1: Why learning music and languages requires similar skills

#2: How math anxiety affects people in working with math problems

#3 : positive feelings and longevity

p. 97

EX a

Topic: how to cope with heat

TS: There are a number of ways to make life more comfortable in the heat.

SS:

  1. keep your home as cool as possible
  2. keep yourself cool by wearing loose light clothes
  3. stay calm and relaxed
  4. nap after lunch

EX b.

Topic: TV and family life

Topic sentence: Psychologists think that watching TV may not be so good for family life.

Main idea: Psychologists believe that watching TV has negative effects on family life.

p. 98

EX1 Topic: new products and services for the older population

#1 TS: This fact has encouraged many businesses to develop products and services for older customers.

SS:

1. medical industry

2. tourist industry

3. many different kinds of products to meet the needs of the elderly

p. 99

EX 2. #1

Modern trends in management

Topic: idea box

Topic sentence: The “idea box” is a useful concept in management.

(main idea)

Main idea: The idea box is useful for both management and employees.

#2

Topic: American managers’ working hours

TS: In general, the researchers found that managers in the US are not happy with their working schedule. (main idea)

Main idea: A study of American managers showed that they are generally not happy with their working schedules.

p. 99

EX2.

  1. Topic: the idea box

Main idea: The idea box is useful for both management and employees.

  1. topic: A study of American managers on their perceptions about their working schedules

main idea: A study of American managers showed that they are generally not happy with their working schedules.

  1. topic: working at home

main idea: Working at home has many advantages for the managers and the companies.

Productive adj.

EX 3

  1. topic: the giant panda

main idea: The giant panda is slowly dying out in China.

  1. topic: The first year of life for a panda

main idea: For the whole first year of its life, the panda is completely dependent on its mother.

  1. topic: A mother panda

main idea: A wild female panda in China was a very loving and careful mother.

EX 4

  1. topic: The oil spill in Prince William Sound

main idea: The oil spilled by the Exxon Valdez tank ship resulted in an expensive and difficult cleanup.

  1. topic: some consequences of the oil spill

main idea: Though the Sound may seem clean today, but some of the consequences of the spill are still visible to an expert.

  1. topic: The long-term effects of the oil spill

main idea: Many animals have suffered from the long-term effects of the oil spill.

EX5

  1. topic: hand-drawn maps of the world

main idea: Hand-drawn maps of the world often do not show the relative sizes of the continents accurately.

  1. topic: Europe and Africa on hand-drawn maps

main idea: There are several reasons why most hand-drawn maps show Europe too large and Africa too small.

  1. topic: an error on nineteenth century maps of Africa

main idea: Because of their ignorance about Africa, nineteenth century Europeans put nonexistent mountains on their maps of Africa.

EX6

  1. topic: Hans Christian Andersen

main idea: Andersen had a difficult childhood, but he still believed that he was special.

  1. topic: How Andersen became a writer

main idea Andersen wanted desperately to become a successful writer, and he worked very hard.

  1. topic: Andersen’s fairy tales

main idea: Andersen became a great and popular writer because of his fairy tales.