Lesson 3
We can use different ways to express future actions in English. The choice depends on the situation.
Form / Meaning/use / ExampleFuture Simple with
will + base form / 1. decisions made at the moment of speaking / OK, I’ll see you this evening at eight.
I’ll have tea, please.
2. predictions, often with I believe, hope, expect, think, etc. / I think it will be a difficult game.
3. offers or willingness / I’ll give you a lift if you like.
All right. I’ll water the plants.
4. requests / Will you do me a favour?
5. firm intentions, promises / I’ll love you forever.
6. threats / I won’t speak to you ever again!
7. facts about the future / Christmas day will fall on Tuesday this year.
be going to + base form / 1. intentions, plans / I am going to phone him tomorrow.
2. prediction in the immediate future because of the evidence in present / Look at these clouds! It’s going to rain.
That building is going to collapse soon.
shall + base form / 1. suggestions / Shall we go for a walk?
2. offers (with I or we) / Shall I help you with those bags
3. asking for advice / What shall I say if she calls?
Future Continuous
will be + -ing / 1. activities planned to a future time / We’ll be waiting outside the station.
2. arrangements, routines / I’ll be going by bus as usual.
Present Continuous
am/are/is + -ing / arrangements, often with tonight, at eight, this weekend, etc. / I’m having my hair cut today.
be + to-infinitive / official arrangements, especially when announced / The President is to visitBrussels next week.
Present Simple / firm plans or timetables, especially after when, as soon as, until, etc. / The boat leaves the island on Friday.
I’ll phone you as soon as I arrive.
would + base form / reporting predictions in the past, often with I believed, hoped, etc. / I thought it would be a difficult game.
We often use Present Continuous to talk about the near future rather than the distant future:
I’m taking the children to the cinema this evening. I’m getting up at 6.30 tomorrow.
We can use be going to for more distant events: We are going to sail round the world next year.
Present Continuous is also possible: We are sailing round the world next year.
Note that Present Simple always suggests a fixed timetable. Present Continuous can suggest the possibility of change: The sun rises at six tomorrow. I’m seeing him at six. The trainleaves ateight. But: My train is leaving in 20 minutes. (If there is no delay)
Future Continuous often refers to a routine or to things which will happen in the normal course of events. It emphasizes that no other arrangement is necessary: I can give you a lift to the station. It’s no trouble to me – I’ll be going that way anyway.
We also use it to ask about someone’s plan or arrangement: Will you be using the library this afternoon?
In the Future Continuous, the activity has already been decided: This time tomorrow I’ll be lying on the beach.
We use the Future Perfect to talk about something that will finish by some time in the future:
Rosie says she will have finished her work by Saturday. (maybe earlier, but not later than Saturday)
Task 2
I. Complete these sentences using be going to, will, Present Continuous or Present Simple. Use the verbs in brackets:
1. Look that car over there _____ (crash). 2. I can’t come tonight because I ______(stay in) to watch TV. 3. The Prime Minister ______(visit) Paris tomorrow. 4. The match ____ (start) at 3pm as always. 5. Don’t worry about the car; I ____ (phone) for a taxi. 6. Nina often ____ (visit) her parents. 7. I ____ (be) rich one day! 8. According to my diary, we ____ (meet) at 2pm tomorrow. 8. I think we ____ (win) the European Cup next year. 10. The National Theatre ____ (celebrate) its thirtieth anniversary soon.
II. Put the verb in brackets into the most suitable form of the future:
1.‘What ___ you ___ this evening?’ (do) - ‘Nothing’. ‘Well, ___ we ___ to that new pizzeria?’ (go) 2. In 2010 the Olympic Games ___ in Sochi. (take place) 3. Which show do you want to go to? the film ___ at nine and eleven. (start) 4. I ___ work at five – so shall we meet at a quarter past? (finish) 5. Seven o’clock isn’t possible as I ___ something else then. 6. This lesson is boring. When ___it ___ to ___ ? (finish)
III. Complete these pairs of sentences using the Future Simple, the Future Continuous or the Future Perfect. Use the verb given in brackets.
1a ...... part in our play? You're a really good actor, we need you! (take)
b I know you're a keen member of the drama group. I suppose you..... part in the play this year. (take)
2a I...... in London next year, still doing the same old job. (be)
b I...... in London for ten years by next June. (be)
3a By Friday, I...... this new book by Marquez. (finish)
b If I don't have too much work this year, I think I...... all of Marquez's novels. (finish)
4a This time tomorrow, Maria...... on a beach in Majorca. (sunbathe)
b I expect she...... until she gets badly burnt - that's what she did last year. (sunbathe)
5a Don't make too much noise after midnight - I...... soundly, I hope. (sleep)
b Wake me up by nine o'clock - I...... long enough by then. (sleep)
6a We...... Australia later this summer. It's a long flight. (fly)
b It's strange that when we get to Sydney, we.....halfway round the world. (fly)
7a Look, I can give you a lift to the station – I………….that way anyway. (drive)
b You'll be late for your train - I...... you to the station if you like. (drive)
IV.Fill in the spaces using the Future Simple, the Future Continuous or the Future Perfect of the verb in brackets. The first (0) is given as an example.
rosa When shall I ...come round (0 come round)? Is Thursday still OK?
maria Well, don't come at six - I...... (1 work) then.
rosa What time do you think you...... (2 be) free?
maria Let's see, I...... (3 work) on the manuscript all day as I told you and I expect I ……. (4 complete) the second chapter by about seven. OK?
rosa Yes, because I...... (5 be) quite busy at about six tomorrow as well. I've got an appointment with my dentist and I don't think she ……… (6 finish) much before seven.
maria Well, we really must be getting on with the book, you know - by the end of this month we ……… (7 work on) the project for a whole year. It's taking far too long.
rosa Yes, I...... (8 jump) for joy when it's finished.
maria Me too. By the way,...... (9 go) near the post office?
rosa Probably. It's not far from the dentist.
MARIA You see, I've been expecting an important parcel and I think it ……..(10 arrive) by Thursday. If you …… (11 go) past there anyway, could you collect it for me?
ROSA No problem. So, I.....(12 see) you later. Bye for now.
V. Read the text and decide which answer best fits each space. There is an example (0):
The Mystery of the Marie Celeste
Example: 0 ABecause of B As for C Since D As a result
We spotted the Mary Celeste drifting in mid-Atlantic on December 5, 1872. …… (0) the ship looked damaged, the captain said the three of us …… (1) board her at once ….. (2) investigate and ….. (3) him back any information we could get hold of. We ….. (4) climb on board without too much difficulty but we couldn’t see any sign of life anywhere. The crew of the Mary Celeste ….. (5) have abandoned ship …..(6) the ship’s small lifeboat was missing. Some navigational equipment which a ship of that kind ….. (7) had on board was also missing. The crew ….. (8) had much time to abandon the ship because they had not ….. (9) with them many of their personal possessions. Luckily, we ….. (10) to find the ship’s log which helped us a great deal in our ….. (11). The last time the captain of the Mary Celeste had ….. (12) an entry in the ship’s log was November 21. Something extraordinary must have taken ….. (13) between this date and December,5. The captain of the ship, Benjamin Briggs, had extensive ….. (14) of the high seas so what had made him ….. (15) the decision to abandon ship in the middle of nowhere?
1 Ahave / Bhad to / C could / D ought2 Ain order that / Bso that / C in order to / D for to
3 Atake / Bget / C carry / D bring
4 Acouldn’t / Bmanaged / C unable / D were able to
5 Acan’t / Bmust / C hadn’t / D could
6 Asince / Bon account of / C as a result of / D owing to
7 Ashouldn’t / Bshould have / Cshouldn’t have / Dshould be
8 Aought not have / Bmust not / Ccouldn’t have / Dwould have
9 Ataken / Bfetched / Cbrought / Dhad
10 Acould / Bable / Cknew / Dmanaged
11 Ainformation / Bsolution / Csuggestion / Dinvestigation
12 A took / Bpassed / Cwrote / Dmade
13 Apart / Bcare / Cplace / Dcontrol
14 Aqualification / Beducation / Cexperience / Dtravel
15 Abring / Bchoose / Chave / Dtake
VI. Read the text and decide which statement A-G best fits each space. There is one extra statement:
The Congress of the United States is a legislative branch of the UnitedStates government. Congress is composed of two chambers with equalpowers: the 100-member Senate and the 435-member House of Representatives. The primary duty of Congress is to write, debate, and pass bills,1______. Once the president approves the legislation, the executive branch enforces the new laws and the judicial branch interprets them.Other congressional duties include investigating pressing national issues,supervising the executive and judicial branches,
2 ______.
The Constitution of the United States grants Congress "all legislative powers" in the national government. Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution lists a wide range of congressional powers, including printing money, maintaining a military, declaring war, and regulating interstate and foreign commerce. Congress also controls federal taxing and spending policies.
Congress shares many powers with the president. Congress takesequal responsibility with the president in framing U.S. foreign policy. Thepresident and his representatives negotiate treaties with other countries,but the treaties go into effect only 3 _____.Similarly, the president appoints ambassadors, federal judges, andmany other government officials, 4 ______.
Congress also shares control over the military with the president,
Congress has the authority to declare war and provide funding for soldiers
and weapons, 5 ______.
The Constitution limits congressional power. The original articlesof the Constitution and the Bill of Rights — the first ten amendments tothe Constitution - forbid Congress to pass some types of laws. The FirstAmendment, for example, prevents Congress from creating a national religion. It also declares that Congress cannot violate certain basic freedoms6 ______.
A.and shaping U.S. foreign policy
B.when the Senate approves them
C.which are then passed on to the president for approval
D.such as freedom of the press, speech, association, and petition
E.but the president serves as the commander-in-chief of the armedforces
F.which duty is to pass new laws
G.but they must be confirmed by the Senate
I wish you all the best and expect you works not later than 19 December.
R.V.Koryakina
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