Study Guide for Biology A

Test Format

1. Answer the following questions for reviewing. Before the final, turn in the study guide.

2. There are 50 multiple choice questions on your final.

3. Final is mandatory and is 10 % of your final grade.

**The Scientific Method/Chemistry of Life** Chapters 1 & 2

1. What are the steps of scientific method?

2. Define the following words:

a)  Hypothesis

b)  Variable

c)  Data

d)  Conclusion

e)  Theory

3. What are the characteristics of a living thing?

4. How are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids similar? How are they different? Explain what purpose each serves in the body.

5. What are the three particles that make up atoms?

6. How do you calculate the atomic number? How do you calculate the atomic mass?

7. What makes up a molecule of water?

8. Define the following words:

a)  Compound

b)  Covalent bond

c)  Ion

d)  Ionic bond

9. What is the pH of an acid? Of a base?

**CELL STRUCTURE/PHOTOSYNTHESIS** CHAPTERS 7, 8, & 9

10. What is the cell theory?

11. What are prokaryotes? Describe their components.

12. Why is the nucleus important?

13. What are the functions of the following organelles?

a)  Golgi apparatus

b)  Endoplasmic reticulum

c)  Mitochondrion

d)  Ribosome

e)  Lysosome

14. Which organelle is responsible for packaging proteins?

15. What do ribosomes produce?

16. a) In plant cells, the conversion of CO2 to glucose occurs where?

b) What is this process called?

c) Why is this process important?

17. How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related? How are they different?

18. Know the differences between active transport and passive transport. Give examples of each.

**Cell Division/Genetics** Chapters 10 & 11

19. List the phases of mitosis in order.

20. How is meiosis different from mitosis? What cells undergo meiosis?

21. Define the following terms:

a) Dominant

b) Recessive

c) Law of Independent Assortment

d) Law of Segregation.

e) Phenotype

f)  Genotype

22. For one flower species, purple petals are the dominant trait (R) and white petals are the recessive trait (r), show the genotypes AND phenotypes for the following

Genotype / Phenotype
Homozygous Dominant
Homozygous Recessive
Heterozygous

**DNA/RNA** Chapter 12

23. Explain how is DNA replicated (copied).

24. What are DNA base pairing rules?

25. If a strand of DNA reads, ATTACG, what will the complementary side read? What would mRNA read for this piece of DNA?

Complementary DNA strand:

mRNA:

26. What is a chromosome? What do they contain?

27. The process of making a protein involves transcription and translation. Know the details of both processes and ultimately how a protein is made. Answer the following questions about transcription and translation:

a) Where does transcription take place? What enzymes are used during transcription and what are their functions?

b) What is made at the end of transcription?

c) Where does translation take place in the cell? What organelle is involved in the process?

d) What is the role of tRNA?

e) What is made at the end of translation?

**Bring a pencil, your book, and an eraser to the final! Good luck!**

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