Virology Test Two Review – Spring 2014

1.  Be able to differentiate between live, attenuated vaccines and inactivated virus vaccines. Be able to discuss at least two ways to attenuate a virus.

2.  What is a subunit vaccine?

3.  What is a live, recombinant vaccine?

4.  What are DNA vaccines, and how are they produced?

5.  Be able to give at least one example of a viral drug that targets each of the major viral replication stages (attachment/fusion, replication/reverse transcription, budding, maturation).

6.  If you were designing an antiviral drug, how would you do it, and what would you need to consider before putting it on the market?

7.  Be able to describe, in detail, the entire replication cycles of parvovirus B19 and rotaviruses (from binding to the host cell through release from the host cell), including where in the host cell each step occurs, and which host/viral molecules are needed in each step.

8.  What are inverted repeats, and what role do they play in parvovirus replication?

9.  If a (+) ss DNA strand has the following orientation: 5’ -Gene 1, Gene 2, Gene 3- 3’, what is the 5’ à 3’ orientation of the genes on the (-) strand?

10.  Which DNA strand “matches” mRNA? (+) or (-)?

11.  What is the receptor for the B19 virus, and what type of cell does it infect?

12.  Explain how alternate splicing allows B19 to make several proteins with only a limited sized genome.

13.  What is ‘rolling hairpin’ replication, and how does it account for the fact that B19 viruses all have ssDNA, but ½ have + strands and ½ have – strands.

14.  What is a dependovirus?

15.  Be able to describe, in detail, the rotavirus virion.

16.  What type of genome does a rotavirus have, and in how many segments?

17.  In what ways is the rotavirus genome like our RNA? In what ways is it different?

18.  Be able to tell the functions of rotavirus VP1, VP2, VP3, VP4, VP7, NSP2, NSP5.

19.  How do early and late gene transcription differ in rotaviruses?

20.  Your class thinks that you probably have a Hepatitis A virus infection going on in the outbreak. Go to the CDC website on Hepatitis A http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/HAV/HAVfaq.htm What is its typical case definition, and how does your virus appear to differ from ‘typical’ Hepatitis A cases? How is hepatitis A normally transmitted? What do you still need to know in order to determine where and how the two hepatitis outbreaks started?