Vasskog et al., Supplementary Material
Literature study
In order to investigate how grain-size analysis is commonly performed and implemented in environmental lake studies, a literature study was performed, which included 95 papers published from January 2000 through 2013 in the journals Sedimentology (n=2), Quaternary Research (n=13), Quaternary Science Reviews (n=10), The Holocene (n=19), Journal of Quaternary Science (n=5) and Journal of Paleolimnology (n=46) (Fig. S1, references are listed below). Of the surveyed papers, 40% report pre-treating the sediment with hydrogen peroxide for removal of organic matter prior to analysis and of these only 8% describe the pre-treatment methodology in sufficient detail for it to be replicated (i.e. the concentration and temperature of the hydrogen peroxide and duration of the treatment). 60% does not report any form of pre-treatment aimed at removing organic matter.
Figure S1. Number of lake studies published in the journals Sedimentology, The Holocene, Journal of Quaternary Science, Quaternary Research, Quaternary Science Reviews, and Journal of Paleolimnology, where grain-size analysis was part of the methodology. Papers in which pre-treatment with hydrogen peroxide was applied are indicated with red bars and papers where no pre-treatment was used or described are shown in blue.
Papers included in literature study
An C-B, Zhao J, Tao S, Lv Y, Dong W, Li H, Jin M, Wang Z (2011) Dust variation recorded by lacustrine sediments from arid Central Asia since ~15 calka BP and its implication for atmospheric circulation. Quaternary Res 75:566-573
Arnaud F (2005) Discriminating bio-induced and detrital sedimentary processes from particle size distribution of carbonates and non-carbonates in hard water lake sediments. J Paleolimnol 34:519-526
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Bertrand S, Boës X, Castiaux J, Charlet F, Urrutia R, Espinoza C, Lepoint G, Charlier B, Fagel N (2005) Temporal evolution of sediment supply in Lago Puyehue (Southern Chile) during the last 600 yr and its climatic significance. Quaternary Res 64:163-175
Bertrand S, Charlet F,Charlier B, Renson V, Fagel N (2008) Climate variability of southern Chile since the Last Glacial Maximum: a continuous sedimentological record from Lago Puyehue (40 S). J Paleolimnol 39:179-195
Blass A, Grosjean M, Livingstone DM, Sturm M (2008) Signature of explosive volcanic eruptions in the sediments of a high-altitude Swiss lake. J Paleolimnol 39:35-42
Bøe A-G, Dahl SO, Lie Ø, Nesje A (2006) Holocene river floods in the upper Glomma catchment, southern Norway: a high-resolution multiproxy record from lacustrine sediments. Holocene 16:445-455
Campbell I, Last WM, Campbell C, Clare S, McAndrews JH (2000) The late holocenepaleohydrology of Pine Lake, Alberta: a multiproxy investigation. J Paleolimnol 24:427-441
Caseldine C, Geirsdóttir Á, Langdon P (2003) Efstadalsvatn–a multi-proxy study of a Holocene lacustrine sequence from NW Iceland. J Paleolimnol 30:55-73
Chen H-F, Wen S-Y, Song S-R, Yang T-N, Lee T-Q, Lin S-F, Hsu S-C, Wei K-Y, Chang P-Y, Yu P-S (2012) Strengthening of paleo-typhoon and autumn rainfall in Taiwan corresponding to the Southern Oscillation at late Holocene. J Quaternary Sci 27:964-972
Chen J, Zhang E, Brooks SJ, Huang X, Wang H, Liu J, Chen F (2012) Relationships between chironomids and water depth in Bosten Lake, Xinjiang, northwest China. J Paleolimnol 51:313-323
Cockburn JM, Lamoureux SF (2008) Inflow and lake controls on short-term mass accumulation and sedimentary particle size in a High Arctic lake: implications for interpreting varved lacustrine sedimentary records. J Paleolimnol 40:923-942
Conroy JL, Overpeck JT, Cole JE, Shanahan TM, Steinitz-Kannan M (2008) Holocene changes in eastern tropical Pacific climate inferred from a Galápagos lake sediment record. Quaternary Sci Rev 27:1166-1180
Dapples F, Lotter AF, van Leeuwen JF, van der Knaap WO, Dimitriadis S, Oswald D (2002) Paleolimnological evidence for increased landslide activity due to forest clearing and land-use since 3600 cal BP in the western Swiss Alps. J Paleolimnol 27:239-248
Dietze E, Wünnemann B, Hartmann K, Diekmann B, Jin H, Stauch G, Yang S, Lehmkuhl F (2013) Early to mid-Holocene lake high-stand sediments at Lake DonggiCona, northeastern Tibetan Plateau, China. Quaternary Res 79:325-336
Dong X, Bennion H, Battarbee RW, Sayer CD (2012) A multiproxy palaeolimnological study of climate and nutrient impacts on Esthwaite Water, England over the past 1200 years. Holocene 22:107-118
Fedotov AP, Phedorin MA, De Batist M, Ziborova GA, Kazansky AY, Semenov MY, Matasova GG, Khabuev AV, Kugakolov SA, Rodyakin SV (2008) A 450-ka long record of glaciation in Northern Mongolia based on studies at Lake Khubsugul: high-resolution reflection seismic data and grain-size variations in cored sediments. J Paleolimnol 39:335-348
Foster GC, Chiverrell RC, Harvey AM, Dearing JA, Dunsford H (2008) Catchment hydro-geomorphological responses to environmental change in the Southern Uplands of Scotland. The Holocene 18:935-950
Francus P, von Suchodoletz H, Dietze M, Donner RV, Bouchard F, Roy A-J, Fagot M, Verschuren D, Kröpelin S (2013) Varved sediments of Lake Yoa (OuniangaKebir, Chad) reveal progressive drying of the Sahara during the last 6100 years. Sedimentology 60:911-934
Geirsdóttir Á, Miller GH, Thordarson T, Ólafsdóttir KB (2009) A 2000 year record of climate variations reconstructed from Haukadalsvatn, West Iceland. J Paleolimnol 41:95-115
Giguet-Covex C, Arnaud F, Poulenard J, Enters D, Reyss J-L, Millet L, Lazzaroto J, Vidal O (2010) Sedimentological and geochemical records of past trophic state and hypolimnetic anoxia in large, hard-water Lake Bourget, French Alps. J Paleolimnol 43:171-190
Giralt S, Rico-Herrero M, Vega J, Valero-Garcés BL (2011) Quantitative climate reconstruction linking meteorological, limnological and XRF core scanner datasets: the Lake Sanabria case study, NW Spain. J Paleolimnol 46:487-502
GrundellR, Gell P, Mills K, Zawadzki A (2012) Interaction between a river and its wetland: evidence from the Murray River for spatial variability in diatom and radioisotope records. J Paleolimnol 47:205-219
Haliva-Cohen A, Stein M, Goldstein SL, Sandler A, Starinsky A (2012) Sources and transport routes of fine detritus material to the Late Quaternary Dead Sea basin. Quaternary Sci Rev 50:55-70
Hatfield RG, Maher BA (2008) Suspended sediment characterization and tracing using a magnetic fingerprinting technique: Bassenthwaite Lake, Cumbria, UK. Holocene 18:105-115.
Hausmann S, Larocque-Tobler I, Richard PJH, Pienitz R, St-Onge G, Fye F (2011) Diatom-inferred wind activity at Lac du Sommet, southern Québec, Canada: A multiproxy paleoclimate reconstruction based on diatoms, chironomids and pollen for the past 9500 years. Holocene 21:925-938
Huamei L, Xiaoqiang Y, Heller F, Haitao L (2008) High resolution magnetostratigraphy and deposition cycles in the Nihewan Basin (North China) and their significance for stone artifact dating. Quaternary Res 69:250-262
Huang X, Oberhänsli H, von Suchodoletz H, Sorrel P (2011) Dust deposition in the Aral Sea: implications for changes in atmospheric circulation in central Asia during the past 2000 years. Quaternary Sci Rev 30:3661-3674
Hyatt JA, Gilbert R (2000) Lacustrine sedimentary record of human-induced gully erosion and land-use change at Providence Canyon, southwest Georgia, USA. J Paleolimnol 23:421-438
Kasper T, Haberzettl T, Doberschütz S, Daut G, Wang J, Zhu L, Nowaczyk N, Mäusbacher R (2012) Indian Ocean Summer Monsoon (IOSM)-dynamics within the past 4ka recorded in the sediments of Lake Nam Co, central Tibetan Plateau (China). Quaternary Sci Rev 39:73-85
Kastner S, Ohlendorf C, Haberzettl T, Lücke A, Mayr C, Maidana NI, Schäbitz F, Zolitschka B (2010) Southern hemispheric westerlies control the spatial distribution of modern sediments in Laguna PotrokAike, Argentina. J Paleolimnol 44:887-902
Kazancı N, Leroy S, Öncel S, İleri Ö, Toprak Ö, Costa P, Sayılı S, Turgut C, Kibar M (2010) Wind control on the accumulation of heavy metals in sediment of Lake Ulubat, Anatolia, Turkey. J Paleolimnol 43:89-110
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Lee MK, Lee YI, Lim HS, Lee JI, Choi JH, Yoon HI (2011) Comparison of radiocarbon and OSL dating methods for a Late Quaternary sediment core from Lake Ulaan, Mongolia. J Paleolimnol 45:127-135
Levy LB, Kaufman DS, Werner A (2004) Holocene glacier fluctuations, Waskey Lake, northeasternAhklun Mountains, southwestern Alaska. Holocene 14:185-193
Lie Ø, Dahl SO, Nesje A, Matthews JA, Sandvold S (2004) Holocene fluctuations of a polythermal glacier in high-alpine eastern Jotunheimen, central-southern Norway. Quaternary Sci Rev 23:1925-1945
Liu E, Shen J, Birch GF, Yang X, Wu Y, Xue B (2012) Human-induced change in sedimentary trace metals and phosphorus in Chaohu Lake, China, over the past half-millennium. J Paleolimnol 47:677-691
Long H, Lai Z, Wang N, Li Y (2010) Holocene climate variations from Zhuyeze terminal lake records in East Asian monsoon margin in arid northern China. Quaternary Res 74:46-56
Lutz B, Wiles G, Lowell T, Michaels J (2007) The 8.2-ka abrupt climate change event in Brown's Lake, northeast Ohio. Quaternary Res 67:292-296
MacGregor KR, Riihimaki CA, Myrbo A, Shapley MD, Jankowski K (2011) Geomorphic and climatic change over the past 12,900 yr at Swiftcurrent Lake, Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. Quaternary Res 75:80-90
Manalt F, Beck C, Disnar J-R, Deconinck J-F, Recourt P (2001) Evolution of clay mineral assemblages and organic matter in the late glacial-Holocene sedimentary infill of Lake Annecy,(northwestern Alps): paleoenvironmental implications. J Paleolimnol 25:179-192
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