Use the Following KEY to Answer the Questions

South Pasadena • ChemistryName

Period Date

9 · Atomic Structure

STATION 1 • HISTORY OF ATOMIC THEORY

Use the following KEY to answer the questions:

(A)Democritus(B) John Dalton(C) J.J. Thomson(D)Ernest Rutherford

___1.He was a philosopher who argued that matter was made of indivisible particles.

___2.His experiments led to the idea that most of the mass of the atom is concentrated in a tiny “nucleus.”

___3.He experimented with cathode-ray tubes.

___4.He used alpha particles shot through gold foil.

___5.He discovered that atoms have positive and negative parts.

___6.He is associated with the “billiard ball” model of the atom.

___7.He is associated with the “nuclear” model of the atom.

___8.He coined the term “electron.”

9 · Atomic Structure

STATION 2 • ATOMIC ORBITALS

Complete this table:

Type of Orbital / s / p / d / F / g
Number of Orbitals
Max number of electrons

How many types of orbitals are on the third shell (n = 3)?

What is the total number of orbitals on the third shell?

What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the 5f orbitals?
Unknown element X has outer electrons ns2 np4. What ion would X likely form?

Students fill the outer electrons in oxygen in the following way. Explain what is wrong, if anything, with each.

9 · Atomic Structure

STATION 3 • ELECTRON CONFIGURATION

Element / Total e– / Valence e– / Long Form / Short Form
Cl
38
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p3
[He] 2s2 2p1
Ge4+

9 · Atomic Structure

STATION 4 • PERIODIC TABLE

For each block on the periodic table, write in the orbital filled by the highest-energy electron.

Identify the orbital filled by the highest-energy electron for each of these elements.

Xe / Ba / Na / Cr / Th / Sb

9 · Atomic Structure

STATION 5 • VALENCE ELECTRONS

Write the long form electron configuration for Co.

How many valence electrons
are in Co?
Which orbital(s) are farthest
from the nucleus?
Which orbital(s) are highest energy?
/ For each element below, write in the number of valence electrons that it has:
H / He
Li / Be / B / C / N / O / F / Ne
Na / Mg / Al / Si / P / S / Cl / Ar

9 · Atomic Structure

STATION 6 • IONIZATION ENERGY

This is a graph of the ionization energies for the first 20 elements by atomic number.
/ Use the information on this chart to determine which families are W, X, and Y:
1 / 2 / 13 / 14 / 15 / 16 / 17 / 18
1 / H
131 / Ionization Energy / He
237
2 / Li
52 / Be
90 / B
80 / C
109 / N
140 / O
131 / F
168 / Ne
208
3 / Na
49 / Mg
74 / Al
58 / Si
79 / P
106 / S
100 / Cl
126 / Ar
152
4 / K
42 / Ca
59
W are the ______& ______families.
X is the ______family.
Y is the ______family.

9 · Atomic Structure

STATION 7 • PERIODIC PUZZLER

The following elements belong together in families as grouped below. Use the clues to fill in the chart.

AQ, MB, GNC, XYZ, RT, PD, EH, JS

1 / 18
2 / 13 / 14 / 15 / 16 / 17

Clues:

1.A is the second most abundant gas in the atmosphere.8.D has more layers of electrons than P.

2.G has the highest ionization energy of any atom.9.H is a halogen.

3.M forms 2+ ions.10.Y has three “floors” of electrons.

4.N is the largest member of its group.11.E is the most electronegative atom.

5.B has a greater atomic radius than M.12.R has 5 valence electrons.

6.Z is the only atom with no neutrons.13.R is smaller than T.

7.P has 3 valence electrons.14.J has more protons than S.

9 · Atomic Structure

STATION 8 • ATOMIC SIZE

For each pair, circle the species with the LARGER radius:

1.NF6.NeAr

2.MgMg2+7.BrBr

3.KCa8.SiO

4.OO29.AlAl3+

5.SAr10.NaF

9 · Atomic Structure

STATION 9 • RECOGNIZING TRENDS

In each group of atoms, circle the atom with the…

largest
atomic radius / largest
ionization energy / smallest
atomic radius / smallest ionization energy
Li / Be / C / N / S / Cl / Cl / Ar
Na / Mg / Al / Si / Se / Br / Br / Kr
Iodine, I, would have properties most like:
N, nitrogen
Cl, chlorine
Te, tellurium
Xe, xenon
N
Cl
Te / I / Xe

9 · Atomic Structure

STATION 9 • RECOGNIZING TRENDS

In each group of atoms, circle the atom with the…