US History Topic Illustrations Define w/ InformationUnit 4-5

Capitalism / / Free Enterprise and investment cause rapid economic growth
Laissez-faire / / Very little Government interference “hands off” policies allow US business
to capitalize on opportunities
Corporations / / Large US business organizations rapidly replace role of small businesses …especially RRs and manufacturing
…are now connected to Stock Market
Monopolies & trusts / / Large US business organizations rapidly replace role of small businesses …Government policies often favored the Monopolies + Trusts = corruption
Social Darwinism / / Large US business organizations claim ruthless tactics eliminating competition were justified by nature
Homestead Act 1862 / / US Government gives free land in Western Territories and States…
Economic opportunity for small farmers
New Immigration
1880s-1920 / / Large US Cities are created by the arrival of immigrants from Eastern, Central, and Southern Europe
Chinese Exclusion Act 1882 / / US Government policies to restrict Asian immigration begin = nativist
Dawes Act
1887 / / Native American Indians are conquered, captured, and relocated to reservations for “assimilation” purposes
Andrew Carnegie JD Rockefeller JP Morgan / / US business leaders dominate US industries…called both “Captains of Industry” and/or “Robber Barons”
Gilded Age
1865-1900+ / / American wealth grows for Rich and new Middle Class…but poor Working Class people live in desperate poverty
Granger Movement
1870s-1890s / / Farmers organize politically to protest and challenge RRs + Monopolies’ abuse
Populist Party
1890s / / 3rd Party emerges to challenge RRs + Monopolies’ abuses… small Farmers want an end to the Gold Standard to ensure fair prices for their goods
Interstate Commerce Act 1887 / / US Government regulation of RRS and Monopolies begins
Sherman Anti-trust Act 1890 / / US Government declares fair competition is better than Monopolies
Blacklisting, Yellow Dog Contract / / Anti-Labor Union tactics are used to prevent US workers from organizing
Collective Bargaining / / US workers form Unions to negotiate fair wages + working conditions
…labor and management deal contracts
Knights of Labor
1870s-1880s / / Large US labor organization tried to unite all workers…skilled + unskilled
Haymarket Riot Homestead Act Pullman Strike
1880s-1890s / / Labor Union actions = major conflicts
US Government sides w/Monopolies
“Open Door” w/ Japan + China
1850s + 1900 / / US Policies to increase trade w/Asia
= part of USA “Imperialism” policies
Imperialism
1890s-1910s / / US Policies to increase trade overseas
= part of USA “Expansionist” policies largely connected to US Naval Power
Yellow Journalism
1898 / / US Newspapers publish “fake news”… sensational exaggerations to provoke the USA into a war with Spain…
“Remember the Maine!”
Spanish-American War 1898 / / US defeats Spain adds territories good for Naval Power…Hawaii, Guam, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Samoa 1898
Roosevelt Corollary
1903 / / New USA Imperialist Policy based on old Monroe Doctrine (1823) …USA has power to “police” / control events in the Caribbean Sea…build Panama Canal
Dollar Diplomacy / / US Policies to increase trade w/Latin America…use $$$ investments in foreign nations for political influence
= part of USA “Imperialism” policies
Progressive Movement / / US domestic policies to improve living conditions for the poor / abused
Muckrakers / / Sensational investigative journalism showing urban and industrial abuses of poor working people…to get legal reforms (legislation)
Jane Adams Jacob Riis; Ida Tarbell / / Progressive journalists and reformers showing urban and industrial abuses of poor working people…
Initiative Referendum Recall / / Democratic reforms give voters more direct influence over legislation and enforcement = curb corruption / abuse by bad politicians
Federal Reserve System
1913 / / National Banking System reformed to make credit + $$$ currency flexible
President Teddy Roosevelt
1901-1909 / / Imperialist Foreign Policy / Panama
Progressive Domestic Policies / 1906 Pure food + Drug Act/Meat Insp.Act “Trustbuster”, Conservation Leader
President Woodrow Wilson 1913-1921 / / Foreign Policy = WW I / Treaty of Versailles / League of Nations
Domestic Policy = regulating business
16th Amendment / / US Income Tax on wealthiest people
17th Amendment / / Direct election of US Senators
18th Amendment / / Prohibition of the sale and distribution of intoxicating liquors
19th Amendment / / Women’s suffrage (voting) rights cannot be denied by state governments