Name ______Period ______Date ______

Unit 1 and 2 Study Guide Test Date ______

Define (give the meaning of term):

Beringia–Land bridge that crossed the Bering Sea

Triangular Trade–Trade paths that linked Europe, Africa, and North America

Subsistence farming–in New England colonies – farming only enough to feed one’s family

Pacifist–people who did not believe in fighting – part of Quaker beliefes

Separatists–People who wanted to separate from the church of England – these were the Pilgrims

Pilgrims–Any person who travels for religious purposes

Northwest Passage–Sea route across North America to the Pacific – England, France, and the Netherlands sent explores to find this

Identify (explain who or what they were and importance of each):

Christopher Columbus–European Explorer who reached North America

Bartholomeu Dias–First explorer to sail around the southern tip of Africa

Vasco da Gama–First to sail EAST to Asia (by going around Africa and across Indian Ocean)

Ferdinand Magellan–Led the expedition who’s crew completed the expedition around the world

Quakers - peaceful religious group who settled Pennsylvania

Mayflower – ship that carried the Pilgrims/Separatists to New England

John Smith – leader of Jamestown who instituted a “if you don’t work, you don’t eat policy”

Wampanoag – Native American tribe that participated in the first Thanksgiving

John Rolfe – saved the Jamestown colony by introducing tobacco (to farm)

William Penn – Quaker founder of Pennsylvania

Answer the following questions:

  1. Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Hampshire, Rhode Island
  2. They were mostly founded for religious purposes
  3. New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware
  4. Founded for religious purposes, trade, and profit
  5. Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia
  6. Founded for trade, profit by selling land, and religious freedom
  7. The southern colonies had larger farming plantations and needed more workers
  8. It enabled the southern colonies to grow and prosper by selling the tobacco to make a profit by selling it as a cash crop
  9. New England colonies relied on subsistence farming while the Southern colonies developed large plantations that relied on slave labor and cash crops like tobacco
  10. Both the French and the British had Indian allies, but the French maintained friendly relations with the Indians and had more support from them
  11. The British

Essay – Answer both!On the test you will have to answer both questions in complete paragraph form with correct grammar.

  1. How did early exploration impact the settlement of North America? (explain exchange of culture, disease, trade, and religion)

Early explorers traveled to North America and claimed land for their sponsoring country. These counties/empires began establishing settlements and moving into North and South America. The results of these settlements had an impact on the local culture by changing the language and religion of the local people. The Indians and Europeans also establish trade agreements where they would trade goods and food. The Native Americans were greatly impacted by the spread of diseases as more Europeans brought viruses to the people that had no immunities to them. With the discovery of gold and later rich fertile soil, North America quickly became a land of opportunity that drew new settlers by the thousands.

  1. How did early colonies grow and prosper in America? (describe the three different regions, how their were founded and their resources)

The three regions are the New England, Middle, and Southern Colonies. These three regions had differences in climate, culture, resources, and economy.

Due to the longer growing season and fertile soil in the south an agricultural economy developed. Large plantations with wealthy cash crops required a large labor force which led to the reliance on slave labor. The northern colonies began to grow in shipping and trade. Large northern cities that were the hub of commerce developed throughout the northern and middle colonies. Collection of natural resources such as lumber and animal pelts also led to economic growth for the New England and Middle Colonies. Religious freedom was a driving force in the formation of the colonies with the New England colonies being founded for the practice of the Puritan religion. Pennsylvania was founded as a colony that offered true religious freedom.