بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
University of Khartoum
Faculty of Mathematical Science
Dept. Information Technology
Seminar on:
Cloud Computing
By:
Ahmed Abdalmonim
Hussam Abdalazeez
Mosab Abdalrhamn Ahmed
Introduction
History:-
In 1969,Leonard Kleinrock, one of the chief scientists of the original Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) which seeded the Internet, said: “As of now, computer networks are still in their infancy, but as they grow up and become sophisticated, we will probably see the spread of „computer utilities‟ which, like present electric and telephone utilities, will service individual homes and offices across the country.” This vision of computing utilities based on a service provisioning model anticipated the massive transformation of the entire computing industry in the 21st century whereby computing services will be readily available on demand, like other utility services available in today’s society. Similarly, users (consumers) need to pay providers only when they access the computing services. In addition, consumers no longer need to invest heavily or encounter difficulties in building and maintaining complex IT infrastructure.
Overview:-
Cloud computing is the delivery of computing as a service rather than a product, whereby shared resources, software, and information are provided to computers and other devices as a service over a network (typically the Internet).
Cloud computing providers deliver applications via the internet, which are accessed from web browsersand desktop and mobile apps, while the business software and data are stored on servers at a remote location.
The concept incorporates software as a service (SaaS), Web 2.0 and other recent, well-known technology trends, in which the common theme is reliance on the Internet for satisfying the computing needs of the users. An often-quoted example is Google Apps, which provides common business applications online that are accessed from a web browser, while the software and data are stored on Google servers. The cloud is a metaphor for the Internet, based on how it is depicted in computer network diagrams, and is an abstraction for the complex infrastructure it conceals
Cloud computing delivers infrastructure, platform, and software (applications) as services, which are made available to consumers as subscription-based services under the pay-as-you-go model. In industry these services are referred to as Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS) respectively. A recent Berkeley report stated “Cloud Computing, the long-held dream of computing as a utility, has the potential to transform a large part of the IT industry, making software even more attractive as a service”. Clouds aim to drive the design of the next generation data centers by architecting them as networks of virtual services (hardware, database, user-interface, application logic) so that users can access and deploy applications from anywhere in the world on demand at competitive costs depending on their QoS (Quality of Service) requirements .
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Let’s say you're an executive at a large corporation. Your particular responsibilities include making sure that all of your employees have the right hardware and software they need to do their jobs. Buying computers for everyone isn't enough -- you also have to purchase software or software licensesto give employees the tools they require. Whenever you have a new hire, you have to buy more software or make sure your current software license allows another user. It's so stressful that you find it difficult to go to sleep on your huge pile of money every night.
Soon, there may be an alternative for executives like you. Instead of installing a suite of software for each computer, you'd only have to load one application. That application would allow workers to log into a Web-based service which hosts all the programs the user would need for his or her job. Remote machines owned by another company would run everything from e-mail to word processing to complex data analysis programs. It's called cloud computing, and it could change the entire computer industry.
Cloud computing comes into focus only when you think about what IT always needs: a way to increase capacity or add capabilities on the fly without investing in new infrastructure, training new personnel, or licensing new software. Cloud computing encompasses any subscription-based or pay-per-use service that, in real time over the Internet, extends IT's existing capabilities.
Need of Cloud Computing:-
The need of cloud computing can be explained with the help of an example. The following graph shows the number of users who log on to the Australian Open web page.
fig 1:monthly page views of australian open official website
The spikes correspond to the month of January during which the tournament is going on. The site remains almost dormant during the rest of the year. It would be wasteful to have servers which can cater to the maximum need,as they wont be needed during the rest of the year. The concept of cloud computing comes to the rescue at this time. During the peak period, cloud providers such as Google,Yahoo,Microsoftetc.can be approached to provide the necessary server capacity.
In this case, Infrastructure is provided as a service (IaaS) through cloud computing. Likewise, cloud providers can be approached for obtain software or platform as a service. Developers with innovative ideas for new Internet services no longer require large capital outlays in hardware to deploy their service or human expense to operate it. Cloud computing offers significant benefits to IT companies by freeing them from the low-level task of setting up basic hardware and software infrastructures and thus enabling focus on innovation and creating business value for their services.
Cloud Computing Concerns
Perhaps the biggest concerns about cloud computing are securityandprivacy. The idea of handing over important data to another company worries some people. Corporate executives might hesitate to take advantage of a cloud computing system because they can't keep their company's information under lock and key.
The counterargument to this position is that the companies offering cloud computing services live and die by their reputations. It benefits these companies to have reliable security measures in place. Otherwise, the service would lose all its clients. It's in their interest to employ the most advanced techniques to protect their clients' data.
Privacy is another matter. If a client can log in from any location to access data and applications, it's possible the client's privacy could be compromised. Cloud computing companies will need to find ways to protect client privacy. One way is to use authenticationtechniques such as user names and passwords. Another is to deploy an authorization format each user can access only the data and applications relevant to his or her job.
Barriers to Cloud Computing
Data Security
• Many customers don’t wish to trust their data to “the cloud”
• Data must be locally retained for regulatory reasons
Latency
• The cloud can be many milliseconds away
• Not suitable for real-time applications
Application Availability
• Cannot switch from existing legacy applications
• Equivalent cloud applications do not exist
Not all applications work on public clouds
Performance
CONCLUSION
A new kind of application platform doesn’t come along very often. But when a successful platform innovation does appear, it has an enormous impact. Think of the way personal computers and servers shook up the world of mainframes and minicomputers, a new approach can quickly become the center of attention for new applications. Cloud platforms don’t yet offer the full spectrum of an on-premises environment. For example, business intelligence as part of the platform isn’t common, nor is support for business process management technologies such as full-featured workflow and rules engines. This is all but certain to change; however, as this technology wave continues to roll forward.
Cloud platforms aren’t yet at the center of most people’s attention. The odds are good, though, that this won’t be true five years from now. The attractions of cloud-based computing, including scalability and lower costs, are very real. If you work in application development, whether for a software vendor or an end user, expect the cloud to play an increasing role in your future. The next generation of application platforms is here.
Just as there are advantages to cloud computing, there are also several key security issues to keep in mind.
One such concern is that cloud computing blurs the natural perimeter between the protected inside the hostileoutside. Security of any cloud-based services must be closely reviewed to understand what protections yourInformation has.
There is also the issue of availability. This availability could be jeopardized by a denial of serviceor by the service provider suffering a failure or going out of business.
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