UNITED STATES HISTORY
INTENSIVE REVIEW
for the
South Carolina
United States History and the Constitution
End of Course (EOC) Exam
Wren High School
May 15, 2012
DAY ONE
Table of Contents
Standard 1
P. 2-9
Standard 2
P. 10-14
Standard 3
P. 15-20
Standard 4
P. 20-25
SESSION ONE
Colonial America and the American Revolution
Standard 1.1
Comparing and Contrasting British North America
NEW ENGLAND / MIDDLE COLONIES / SOUTHERN COLONIESKey Colonies
Key Figures
Why Settle?
Economic Activity
Predominant Religion(s)
Religious Outlook
Standard 1.2
Conflict between the British Parliament and the Colonial Legislatures
Magna Carta / English Bill of RightsWhen it happened? / 1225 / 1689
What did it do?
How should it affect the colonies
How did it affect the colonies
Parliament Taxes the Colonies
1754-1763 ______
1763 ______
1764 ______
1765 ______Internal Tax
1767 ______
P______P______L______G______T______
The Road to Revolution
1770 ______
1773 ______
1774 ______
1. ______
2. ______
3. ______
4. ______
5. ______
The Revolutionary War
1775 Battles of ______Siege of ______
1776 January Publication of ______
July ______
December Publication of ______Battle of ______
1777 Battle of ______
Treaty of Alliance with ______
1781 Siege of ______
1783 Treaty of ______
Standard 1.3
Impact of the Declaration of Independence and Revolutionary War on establishing the ideals of a Democratic Republic
The Declaration’s ideas eventually formed the groundwork for the United States Constitution. Helped ignite debate over other issues regarding ______of citizens. Over the centuries the Declaration of Independence has served as the foundation on which countless crusades for ______and reform have been based.
What impact did the Declaration of independence and the Revolutionary war have on France?
Standard 1.4
Dissatisfaction with the Articles of Confederation/Constructing the Constitution
The Articles of Confederation
The first plan of government for the United States was the ______of ______, which were drafted in 1776. The Articles were replaced by the U.S. Constitution in 1789.
The Articles vs. the ConstitutionArticles of Confederation
“A Firm League of Friendship” / U.S. Constitution
“A More Perfect Union”
Representation
Taxation
Powers of Congress / In addition to the Articles:
Amendments / / of Congress + / of States
The Constitutional Convention
May-September, 1787 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
For what purpose? ______
Conflict and Compromise at the Constitutional ConventionVirginia Plan
New Jersey Plan
Great (Connecticut) Compromise
3/5 (“Not So Great”) Compromise
Slave Trade Compromise
Electoral
College / Electors = ______+ ______
Amendments / ___ / ___ OF ______+ ___ / ___ OF THE ______
Standard 1.5
Principles of the Constitution
Federalism – power is divided between the ______government and the ______governments.
Ordered Government ______Rebellion (1786)
Representative Government (Republicanism)
Separation of Powers
______Branch / ______Branch / ______BranchIn addition to separation of powers, the Framers proposed a system of checks and balances in order to make sure that the members of one branch of government did not become too powerful or corrupt.
Examples:
Veto, Treaty Ratification, Judicial Nomination and Confirmation
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Standard 1.6
Two Party System, Democratic-Republicans and Federalist
The First Two-Party System
What was each party’s stance on each of these issues?
DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICANS /
Leaders
Federalism
Constitution
Economy
National Bank
Protective Tariff
Federal Assumption of State War Debts
Supporters
Washington’s Farewell Address: 1. ______
Washington urged Americans to avoid 2. ______
Standard 1.7
John Marshall, Marbury V. Madison
The Adams Administration
Alien and Sedition Acts (1798) / Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions (1798-1799)WHO?
WHAT?
Before leaving office, John Adams appointed several ______judges, who would serve life terms and be able to undermine Jefferson’s Republican administration from the bench. These included John ______who Adams appointed as ______of the ______.
______v. ______established the principle of ______, which says that the ______has the authority to interpret the Constitution. This differed from Thomas Jefferson’s belief that the ______should interpret the Constitution.
John Marshall vs. Thomas Jefferson
John Marshall(______) / Thomas Jefferson
(______)
Federalism
National Bank
Economic Development?
Strict / Loose Construction
Who Interprets the Constitution?
STANDARD 2
Movement West
Standard 2.1
Impact of Westward Movement on Democracy
Louisiana Purchase / Lewis and Clark Expedition
1803 – Jefferson purchased Louisiana from ______. He sent Lewis and Clark to explore the Purchase (WIN) and to find a ______Passage
(FAIL).
Indian Removal / Trail of Tears
TERRITORIAL ACQUISITIONS TIMELINE
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Standard 2.2
Explain the Monroe Doctrine
Monroe Doctrine (1823)
NO MORE…
Describe how this political cartoon represents the Monroe Doctrine’s affect on the world.
Manifest Destiny
John Gast, American Progress (1872)
Explain the cartoon above in reference to Manifest Destiny.
Whose Will was it that America had the Right to expand West? ______
Texas Revolution
The Republic of Texas (1836-1846)
Problems with Annexation: 1. ______
2. ______
Standard 2.3
Sectionalism and Economic Development
NORTHSOUTH
WEST
Standard 2.4
Antebellum Reform and Sectionalism
Antebellum means “______.” In U.S. History, antebellum describes the period between 18__ and the start of the ______in 18__.
SECTIONALISM
NORTH / SOUTH / WESTEconomy
Political Leaders
Political Issues
ANTEBELLUM REFORM MOVEMENTS
Movement / Key Figures / InformationSecond Great Awakening
Abolitionism
Temperance
Women’s Rights
Antebellum reform movements were strongest in the ______, but did not catch on in the more traditionally-minded South.
The more aggressively Northerners criticized the institution of slavery, the more
the South ______it.
Standard 3.1
Events Leading to the Civil War
1820 ______
1824 The “______” Bargain (Clay and Adams)
1828 ______
1828-1833 ______Crisis
1831 ______published
William Lloyd ______
1836 Texas ______
1845 Texas ______
1846-1848 ______
______Proviso ______
Abolitionism vs. Free SoilAbolitionism / Free Soil
Geographic Base: / Geographic Base:
Compromise of 1850
1. ______
2. ______
3. ______
4. ______
5. ______
The Crisis of the 1850s
The 1830s vs. the 1850s1830s / 1850s
1852 ______published IMPACT:
1854 ______-______Act
______Party Founded PLATFORM: ______
1856 “Bleeding ______”
Notable abolitionist involved: ______
1857 ______v. Sandford
1. ______
2. ______
3. Nullified ______
1859 John Brown’s ______’s Ferry Raid
1860 ______Elected President
1. ______South secedes (12/1860-2/1861)
States:
2. Fort ______attacked (4/1861)
3. Lincoln’s Response: ______
4. ______South secedes (April-June/1861)
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Standard 3.2
Course of the Civil War,
The Civil War
(aka, “The War Between the States”)
United States of America (USA)“The North” or “The ______” / Confederate States of America (CSA)
“The South” or “The ______”
Strategies
Strengths
Weaknesses
Leaders
Turing Points
Decisive Battles of the Civil War
Battle / Year / Victor / SignificanceUnion / Confed.
1861
1862
1863
1863
1865
The Emancipation Proclamation
EFFECTIVE DATE: ______, ______
Which slaves were freed by Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation? ______
How many slaves were freed on January 1, 1863? ______
What value did it have, then? ______
By what authority did Lincoln free these slaves? ______
Lincoln defined the proclamation as a “necessary ______measure.”
Why didn’t Lincoln issue the Emancipation Proclamation sooner?
Lincoln and the Civil War
Lincoln’s primary goal in fighting the Civil War was to
______the ______. To this goal, he added the emancipation of slaves as it became clear that the war would be a long and bitter conflict.
Standard 3.3
Effects of Reconstruction
Reconstruction
By what process will the Southern states be brought back into the Union?
“With malice toward none; with charity for all; with firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in; to bind up the nation's wounds… to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves, and with all nations. “
-- Abraham Lincoln
Second Inaugural Address
Presidential Reconstruction
______% Plan – Lincoln’s plan to allow Southern states back into the Union quickly and easily
Lincoln’s ______by John Wilkes Booth in 1865 hardened Northern attitudes toward the defeated South. Lincoln’s successor, Andrew ______, attempted to continue Lincoln’s generous plans for Reconstruction, but encountered resistance from Congress. Northern Republicans also resented Southern states’ efforts to impose ______Codes, which denied basic rights of citizenship to African-Americans.
Radical Republicans
Goals of the Radical Republicans: 1. ______
2. ______
Presidential Reconstruction(1863-1867) / Congressional (Radical) Reconstruction (1867-1877)
President ______vetoed Reconstruction Acts that were passed by the Radical Republicans in 1867, but his vetoes were overridden by a __/__ vote of Congress. The Radical Republicans ______President Johnson over disagreements about Reconstruction plans. Johnson avoided being removed from office by ___ vote.
Standard 3.4
Effects of Reconstruction
Reconstruction Amendments
Presidential Reconstruction / Radical Reconstruction13th Amendment (1865) / 14th Amendment (1868) / 15th Amendment (1870)
1.
2.
3.
Reconstruction in the South
Radical Republicans divided the South (except for Tennessee, which ratified the ___th Amendment voluntarily) into five ______districts. Radical Republicans believed that the defeated South should be treated like “______provinces.”
Freedmen’s Bureau: ______
Carpetbaggers / ScalawagsThe ______committed acts of violence and intimidation against “carpetbaggers,” “scalawags,” and freedmen.
Compromise of 1877: ______
Jim Crow - ______
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896): ______, but ______
Standard 3.5
Booker T. Washington, W.E.B. Du Bois, Ida B. Wells
List the Methods that each of these Activist used in their battle for Civil Rights
Booker T. Washington / W.E.B Du Bois / Ida B. WellsStandard 4
Standard 4.1
Impact of Government Policy and Construction of the Railroads on the Native American Peoples
The Dawes Severalty Act
Adopted by Congress in 1887
Made as an attempt to ______Native Americans.
Allowed Native Americans to sign up for ______.
______took control of all unclaimed lands.
Standards 4.2/4.3
Capitalism, Railroads, Big Business through Monopolies
The Gilded Age
Gilded Age: ______
Impact of the Railroads:
1.______2. ______3. ______
Advantages of Corporations
1. ______2. ______3. ______
Big Businesses:
Andrew Carnegie John Rockefeller
Business ______
Vertical Integration Horizontal Integration
Controlling all aspects of Buying out the competition
Production
Tactics used: ______
______-
Social Darwinism: ______
Sherman Antitrust: ______
Robber Barons: ______
Governmental Actions that produced Industrial Growth
1. ______2. ______
3. ______4. ______
Labor Unions v. Big Business
What were the problems of the labor force?
1.______2.______3. ______
The two major Labor Unions of the era were
______
Weapons of Labor Weapons of Business
1. ______1.______
2. ______2. ______
3. ______3. ______
Labor Strikes
Railroad Strike of 1877 / Haymarket Strike / Pullman StrikeCauses
Results
Which side did the government take?
______and ______brought public attention to child labor and unsafe working conditions.
President ______changed the government’s stance on labor unions when he supported the use ______by labor unions.
Standard 4.4
Populist Movement
Problems of the Farmers
1. ______2.______
3. ______4. ______
Farmers Movements
1. ______2. ______
Bimetallism Gold Standard
Was the Populist Party successful?
Election of 1896
“Farmers v. Big Business”
Farmers supported the Populist and Democratic Candidate, ______in the Election of 1896. This candidate gave a very important speech called ______, which argued for Bimetallism.
Big Business supported the Republican Party candidate,______and his Front Porch Campaign. He won the election because he received the support of the workers that feared the inflationary (soft money) policies of Populist Party.
Standard 4.5
Immigration, Ethnic Neighborhoods, and Political Machines
Ethnic Neighborhoods and Immigrant Poverty
In most cases, immigrants were too poor to move beyond coastal cities, leading to the rise of densely populated ethnic neighborhoods. Immigrants relied on political machines, led by party bosses, to help them find jobs. The political machines relied on immigrant votes to keep themselves in power.
Muckrakers, such as Jacob ______, author of How the Other Half Lives, exposed the poor conditions in urban tenements (low-rent apartments) and sweatshops, where immigrants performed cheap labor.
Although most immigrants stayed in coastal cities, such as NYC, many went to Chicago and other cities in the Midwest where low-paying, undesirable jobs (e.g., meatpacking) were available. Upton Sinclair’s book, The ______, exposed the wretched working conditions in Chicago’s meatpacking industry.
Native born Americans tended to resent the “New Immigrants” for several reasons:
1. They didn’t understand ______.
2. Their home countries lacked traditions of ______government.
3. Their religions (______, ______, ______) were largely alien to native born Americans.
4. They provided a steady supply of ______, which undermined efforts by labor unions to get better wages.
Catholicism and cheap labor were also reasons why people resented the ______immigrants during the antebellum period. However, the Irish did speak English and had traditions of republican government, so no efforts were made by Congress to limit Irish immigration during the nineteenth century.
Migration of African Americans to the North and West
Where they went / Why they went / What they encounteredNorth
West
Political Machines
Key Figures:______
Key groups: Tammany Hall, New York’s Democratic Political Machine
Examples of Corruption: ______
What strategies did political machines use to gain votes from Immigrants? ______
Standard 4.6
Progressive Movement
Progressiveness- Social Activism, Reforms, End Corruption in Politics
Carrie Chapman Catt / Alice Paul / Jane Addams / Theodore Roosevelt / Woodrow WilsonProgressive Theory / Women’s Suffrage
Activism Accomplished / Founder of the League of Women Voters, and
President of National American Woman Suffrage Association
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