1. c 1890-1910 Post-Romantic era
  2. Post-Romanticism was a movement primarily in Italy, Germany and Austria.
  3. Wagner was a big influence on both Post-Romantic and Impressionistcomposers.
  4. Richard Strauss was a German Post-Romanticist.
  5. Gustav Mahler was a Viennese Post-Romanticist.
  6. Giacomo Puccini was an Italian Post-Romanticist.
  7. France country which spawned the movement developed by painters who tried to capture their “first impression” of a subject through use of light and color.
  8. Impressionism characterized by exotic scales, unresolved dissonances, parallel chords, rich orchestral color and free rhythm, generally cast in small-scale programmatic forms
  9. Expressionism art should express the subconscious (the 'inner necessity') unfettered by the conscious
  10. Claude Debussy the most important French Impressionist composer
  11. Maurice Ravel another important French composer of the Impressionist style
  12. atonality having no tonal center
  13. polymeter simultaneous use of more than one meter
  14. polyrhythm simultaneous use of several rhythmic patterns
  15. polychords simultaneous use of 2 or more chords
  16. polytonality simultaneous use of 2 or more keys
  17. polyharmony simultaneous use of 2 or more complete sets of harmony
  18. The Rite of Spring re-creates pagan rites of ancient Russia
  19. Igor Stravinsky Russian composer whose ballets brought him early success
  20. Neoclassicism early 20th century attempt to rid music of the imagery favored in Romantic music and to return to absolute music, emphasizing craftsmanship, balance, and control.
  21. serialism compositional technique using a set arrangement of the 12 chromatic tones called a tone row
  22. Second Viennese School composers Schoenberg and his students, Berg and Webern
  23. Arnold Schoenberg a composer influenced by the German Expressionists and whose serial method of composition revolutionized 20th century composition
  24. Sprechstimme literally “spoken voice”, a vocal technique in which melody is spoken rather than sung on exact pitches and in strict rhythm
  25. klangfarbenmelodie literally “tone color melody”, each note of a melody is played by a different instrument
  26. Wozzeck an atonal opera written by Alban Berg
  27. Les Six 6 French composers who composed following the example of Erik Satie
  28. Russian school post-Romantic Nationalistic composers which included Rachmaninoff, Scriabin, Prokofiev and Shostakovich
  29. English school Ralph Vaughan Williams and Benjamin Britten
  30. German school Paul Hindemith and Carl Orff
  31. Kodaly collected Hungarian folk songs and was a major influence in music education
  32. ethonomusicology the comparative study of musics of the world, music as an aspect of culture, and the music of oral tradition
  33. Bela Bartok drew from his study of Eastern European folk music and dance to compose in a unique and particularly rhythmic style
  34. Charles Ives an innovative American composer who composed in a modern style using elements of the music of his New England childhood
  35. Nadia Boulanger French music teacher of Copland and many other significant composers
  36. Aaron Copland popular American composer inspired by songs of the Old West and by Mexican dance music; his most popular works were his ballets and orchestral works
  37. Silvestre Revueltas nationalistic composer of Mexico
  38. total serialism extending the tone-row principle beyond pitch only – to durations, dynamics, timbres, registers, intervals, etc.
  39. aleatoric music in which elements are left to chance or choice
  40. microtonal music utilizing intervals smaller than semitones
  41. Milton Babbitt an American composer; the first to apply serialism to elements other than pitch
  42. Pierre Boulez the most important composer of the French avant-garde
  43. John Cage experimental composer who pushed the envelope of indeterminacy
  44. indeterminacy chance music
  45. musique concrete composition utilizing the recording and manipulation of natural sounds
  46. electronische Musik compositions using electronically generated sounds
  47. midi musical instrument digital interface
  48. New Romanticism a trend of some 20th century composers to make their music more accessible to audiences by using appealing melodies, regular rhythms, lush harmonies, and rich orchestral colors along with current trends
  49. minimalism music stripped down to the bare essentials in order to concentrate the listener’s attention on a few basic details; uses repetition with very little variation
  50. prepared piano a piano whose sound has been altered by inserting material such as bolts, rubber, cloth, and paper between the strings; invented by John Cage

Also, be able to identify the composers andselections below from the CD recordings:

  1. Debussy: Prelude to “The Afternoon of a Faun”
  2. Stravinsky: The Rite of Spring, Part II Glorification of the Chosen One
  3. Stravinsky: The Rite of Spring, Part II Evocation of the Ancestors
  4. Stravinsky: The Rite of Spring, Part II Ritual Action of the Ancestors
  5. Schoenberg: Pierre lunaire No. 18, The Moonfleck
  6. Bartok: Interrupted Intermezzo, from Concerto for Orchestra
  7. Copland: Billy the Kid, Scene 1, Street in a FrontierTown
  8. Revueltas: Homenaje a Federico Garcia Lorca, third movement, Son
  9. Crumb, Ancient Voices of Children
  10. Ligeti, Disorder, from Etudes for Piano, Book I
  11. Lansky, Notjustmoreidlechatter, excerpt
  12. Tower, For the Uncommon Woman
  13. Part, Cantate Domino canticum novum
  14. Adams, Roadrunner, from Chamber Symphony