Unit 9: Nationalism and Imperialism Study Guide

  1. What is Nationalism?
  • Nationalism is the strong support or devotion to a country, can cause a feeling of superiority to other nations based on race, culture etc.
  • Desire for independence or to return to original national boarders
  1. What is Imperialism
  • Dominating another country politically militarily and culturally. World Power
    usually for strategic location or the taking of National Recourses
  1. What is Suffrage?
  • Suffrage is the right to vote.
  • Women’s Suffrage- the right for women to vote on the equal basis of men
  • Universal Suffrage- an unrestricted right to vote without bases on age, sex, or religion
  1. Where is the Suez Canal and explain its importance?
  • The Suez Canal is located in Egypt near the Sinai Peninsula
  • It allowed for naval travel between Europe and Asia
  • No longer having to go around Africa’s Cape of Good Hope
  1. What was the Dreyfus Affair?
  • The Dreyfus Affair was a French military conspiracy concentrated on Captain Alfred Dreyfus
  • He was a French Jew who was accused of spying for the German military
  • In the trial, Dreyfus was not allowed to see the evidence against him, and was sent to a French punishing colony with life imprisonment.
  • The case was accused of being layered in anti-Semitism -- causing a schism between the French populace
  • In support of Dreyfus : Anticlerical Republican or “Dreyfusards”
  • Those condemning him : pro-Army Catholics or “anti-Dreyfusards”
  • In 1906, the charges against Dreyfus would be proven falseand the new suspect was guilty
  • The effects of the anti-Semitic case would lead to a deeper distrust between Jews and non-Jews
  1. What is Zionism?
  • Zionism is a national-political movement calls for Jews to return to Palestine and reform a Jewish nation Nationalist Movement
  1. What is Manifest Destiny?
  • Manifest Destiny was an American belief in cross-country imperialism and nationalism
  • Urged in settlement of western America in the name of liberty
  • This would lead to relocations of Native Americans and the rise of the United States
  1. What is Imperialism?
  • Imperialism is the enforcement of dominion of one country
  1. What is a Sphere of Influence?
  • A Sphere of Influence is the degree of control or influence a country has on others through relations and investments
  1. What was the purpose of the Berlin Conference?
  • European powers met to the partition of Africa among the Western European Countries
  • Mostly the Congo region (claimed by Belgium, France, and Portugal)
  1. What is genocide?
  • Genocide is the mass-killing. Ottoman Empire accused of Genocide against the Christian Armenians for supporting Russia in desire to be free.
  1. Who were the Sepoys and their relation to the British?
  • The Sepoys were Indian soldiers in service of the British East India Company
  • Served as the military arm for the company until the Indian Rebellion of 1857
  1. What were the causes and effects of the Sepoy Rebellion?

Causes / Effects
  • An increase in recruitment from higher Hindu castes
  • A declaration for a General Service Act which required Sepoys to serve overseas (against the Hindu traditions)
  • Lastly a new pattern in the Enfield rifle, which required troops to bite through the paper cartridge laced with animal fat via beef and pork (causing problems amongst the Hindu and Muslim Sepoys)
/
  • Termination of the British East India Company
  • Insertion of India into the larger British Empire
  • Relations between British and Indians would plummet because of war crimes

  1. What was the Opium War and what caused it?
  • The Opium Warwas a conflict between China and Britain
  • It was over foreign diplomacy, trade, and the treatment of foreign criminals
  • But many because of opium- an addictive drug
  • Imported into China in exchange for silver
  1. What is an Open Door Policy?
  • The Open Door Policy was a principle by the United States for an agreement to keep China open for trade with all the western powers equally
  • Created so that no country gained total control of China
  • However the policy simply excluded Chinese input into foreign business and trade on their shores
  1. Where is French Indochina?
  • French Indochina is located in modern-day Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam
  1. What is the Monroe Doctrine?
  • The Monroe Doctrine was a piece of American legislation warning against further European colonization and intervention in South America
  • This was filled with revolutions for independence
  • Tried to keep US out of European affairs and vice versa
  1. Where is the Panama Canal?
  • The Panama Canal is located in the region of Panama
  • Through the isthmus connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
  • Its completion would be the largest American engineering project at the time, allowing larger US/South American trade in the Pacific
  • However it would also heighten tensions between Panamanians and Americans

KEY QUESTIONS

What were the causes for unification in Germany and Italy?

Causes - Italy and Germany divided by Napoleonic Wars
Otto Van Bismarck leads Reunification Nationalist movement for Germany
Italy the same.

Results Reunification of both countries
other countries and groups will be inspired. One group the Black Hand will Trigger WW1

What were the Social and economic reforms of Western democracies?
For example Britain: - Free Trade and Corn Laws

  • Move for free trade and Laissez faire policies
  • Corn- anything grain
  • High import tariffs led to high prices
  • Beneficial to rich local farmers
  • However hurt consumers leading
  • So that caused the repeal of the law

- The end of slavery

- Strict capital punishment caused reform in laws - only for the most severe crimes
- Better working conditions and the rise of labor unions
- Women’sSuffrage

How did imperialist European powers claim control over most of African?

Berlin Conference Partitions Africa among western imperialist nations.

Military power using steamboat to gain access to interior of the continent.

Machine guns made the west unstoppable.

How did European nations extend their power into Muslim regions of the world?Via numerous wars
The Greek independent war was one since it was against the Ottoman's and Greeks. The Greeks got the support of most European countries.

How did Western powers use diplomacy and war to gain power in China?

China’s self-sufficient economy posed a challenge to western powers at the time because although they needed some products from China such as silk, China did not need anything from them. Payment for Chinese products was in silver which was limited in the Western territories. This forced the Western powers to use diplomatic techniques such as free trade to establish economic relations with the Qing dynasty. At one point, the British sent a delegate to discuss and establish economic relations with the Qing dynasty. This attempt by the British at establishing diplomatic ties failed when the Emperor declined their proposal. After the First opium war and the subsequent defeat of the Chinese military by Britain, China was forced to open up its ports to British trade. The Chinese in return received military support from Western powers when the dynasty was suffering internal revolts.

How did Japan become a modern industrial power?

With the Meiji Restoration, the new Emperor wants strength with military. He looks to west for industrialization and modernization to be applied in a Japanese way.

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