Name: ______Period: ______Date: ______

Unit 9 – Evolution Review

DUE on Test Day – Thursday, January 29th

Matching:

______1.When allele frequencies of a population are changed due to the migration of the same species into and/or out of the population

______2.This type of adaptation includes actual body parts or coloration that help an organism survive in their environment; camouflage, sharp teeth, bent hind legs

______3.This type of natural selection favors one extreme of the population; example favoring dark moth color over lighter colors

______4.This type of isolation occurs when a species is separated by geography

______5.When allele frequencies of a population are changed due to randomness or chance, reduces genetic variation

______6.Structures that are present in different organisms that have the same function, but are structurally different

______7.Process when the overall population of a species changes over time

______8.This type of isolation occurs when a species is separated by behavioral characteristics

______9.This type of speciation occurs when a new species evolves from a single ancestor while living in the same geographic niche

______10.This type of speciation occurs when a new species evolves as a result of complete geographic isolation

______11.This type of natural selection favors both extremes of the population and could result in a new species over time

______12.A change or process of change by which an organism or species is better suited to its environment; a heritable characteristic that the organism was born with

______13.Structures that are present in different organisms that have a different function, but are structurally similar

______14.This type of adaptation includes ways an organism acts to help it survive in their environment; migration, hibernation, playing dead

______15.This type of speciation occurs when a new species evolves as a result of partial geographic isolation

______16.This type of evolution occurs due to the influence of closely related species on each other

______17.Process whereby individual organisms better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce, more advantageous traits become more common

______18.When a new colony is formed/founded by a few members of a population

______19.This type of selection is the intentional breeding for certain traits over others; example dog breeding

______20.This type of evolution occurs when unrelated species become similar as they adapt to similar environments

______21.When a population’s size is reduced for at least one generation due to a catastrophic event

______22.This type of natural selection favors the average for the population thus decreasing the genetic diversity

______23.This type of evolution occurs when a new species evolves from a common ancestor

______24.An organism’s ability to survive and reproduce

  1. This picture below is an example of a homologous structure, analogous structure, or vestigial structure? (circle one)
  1. This picture below is an example of a homologous structure, analogous structure, or vestigial structure? (circle one)

  1. Organisms that have functionally similar structures (analogous structures) but belong to different taxonomic groups (different ancestor) evolved through which type of evolution?
  2. Convergent evolution
  3. Divergent evolution
  4. Parallel evolution
  5. Coevolution
  1. Organisms that have structurally similar structures (homologous structures) and share the same ancestor evolved through which type of evolution?
  2. Convergent evolution
  3. Divergent evolution
  4. Parallel evolution
  5. Coevolution

TheMillerandUrey experiment(orUrey–Miller experiment) was anexperimentthat simulated hypothetical conditions thought at the time to be present on the early Earth, and tested for the occurrence of chemical origins of life.

  1. Based on the reading above, what is the significance of the Miller-Urey experiment (what is it/why is it important)?
  1. What are the “five fingers” of evolution?

1.______

2.______

3.______

4.______

5.______

  1. Which of the following is NOT a method of introducing new alleles into a population?
  2. Mutation
  3. Genetic drift
  4. Gene flow

Questions 32-34 identify the description as:

  • Stabilizing selection
  • Disruptive selection
  • Directional selection
  • Artificial selection
  1. A plant that is too short may not be able to compete with other plants for sunlight. However, extremely tall plants may be more susceptible to wind damage. Combined, these two selection pressures select to maintain plants of medium height. The number of plants of medium height will increase while the numbers of short and tall plants will decrease. This is an example of what type of selection? ______
  1. Using the familiar example of giraffe necks, there was a selection pressure against short necks, since individuals with short necks could not reach as many leaves on which to feed. As a result, the distribution of neck length shifted to favor individuals with long necks. This is an example of what type of selection? ______
  1. Imagine a plant of extremely variable height that is pollinated by three different pollinators, one that was attracted to short plants, another that preferred plants of medium height and a third that visited only the tallest plants. If the pollinator that preferred plants of medium height disappeared from an area, medium height plants would be selected against and the population would tend toward both short and tall, but not medium height plants. This is an example of what type of selection? ______
  1. Use the data table below to answer the following questions.

Species Pairing / Number of Amino Acid Differences in Cytochrome C
Fruit fly- dogfish shark / 26
Fruit fly-pigeon / 25
Fruit fly-screwworm fly / 2
Fruit fly-silkworm moth / 15
Fruit fly-tobacco hornworm mother / 14
Fruit fly-wheat / 47
  1. What is the fruit fly most closely related to based on the amino acid differences in the data table?______
  1. What is the fruit fly least closely related to based on the amino acid differences in the data table?______
  1. Which statement most accurately reflects what population geneticists refer to as "fitness"?
  2. Fitness is the measure of an organism's adaptability to various habitats
  3. Fitness reflects the number of mates each individual of the population selects
  4. Fitness refers to the relative health of each individual in the population
  5. Fitness is a measure of the contribution of a genotype to the gene pool of the next generation
  6. List all the physical characteristics the embryos below have in common based on the information included in the image.

Cladogram

Use the cladogram below and answer the questions:

  1. Which organism is the closest to the humans?______
  2. Which ancestral trait does do the birds, prosimians, and humans share?______
  3. What traits do all these organisms share?______
  4. Which organism is the most distantly related to humans?______

Matching:

______42.Believed that over the lifetime of an organism that physical features would increase or decrease in size because of use or disuse and that these changes would be passed on to offspring

______43.Known for his contribution to the continental drift hypothesis and plate tectonics

______44.Known as the Father of Evolution, studied finches in Galapagos islands

______45.Stated that external forces control population growth; examples include resources, space, food, disease, famine and natural disasters

______46.Branch of biology that deals with the development of an embryo

______47.Branch of science concerned with classification, especially of organisms

______48.The evolutionary history of a species

______49.Set of all fossils together that can be used to tell the history of the earth

______50.Branch of biology dealing with the study of the form and structure of organisms and their specific structural features