Unit 8A MOTIVATION Practice Test
1.A complex, unlearned, and fixed pattern of behavior common to all members of a species is called a(n)
A)set point.
B)drive.
C)instinct.
D)need.
E)incentive.
2.It is characteristic of bears to hibernate. This behavior is an example of
A)a refractory period.
B)an instinct.
C)homeostasis.
D)an incentive.
E)a drive.
3.A need refers to
A)a physiological state that usually triggers motivational arousal.
B)an aroused or activated state that is often triggered by a psychological need.
C)anything that is perceived as having positive or negative value in motivating behavior.
D)a desire to perform a behavior as a result of rewards or threats of punishment.
E)a rigidly patterned behavioral urge characteristic of all people.
4.Which theory most clearly emphasizes the importance of homeostasis in motivation?
A)instinct theory
B)drive-reduction theory
C)arousal theory
D)hierarchy of needs theory
E)evolutionary theory
5.Internal push is to external pull as ______is to ______.
A)incentive; set point
B)homeostasis; drive reduction
C)instinct; need
D)need; drive
E)need; incentive
6.Which theory would be most helpful for explaining why people are motivated to watch horror movies?
A)instinct theory
B)drive-reduction theory
C)hierarchy of needs theory
D)arousal theory
E)homeostasis
7.According to Maslow, our need for
A)love must be met before we are preoccupied with satisfying our need for food.
B)adequate clothing must be met before we are preoccupied with satisfying our need for self-esteem.
C)religious fulfillment must be met before we are preoccupied with satisfying our need for adequate housing.
D)self-actualization must be met before we are preoccupied with satisfying our need for friendship.
E)political freedom must be met before we are preoccupied with satisfying our need for economic security.
8.Hunger controls are located within the brain's
A)hypothalamus.
B)medulla.
C)temporal lobe.
D)amygdala.
E)hippocampus.
9.Rats become very hungry when they experience
A)elevated levels of obestatin.
B)reduced levels of ghrelin.
C)elevated levels of orexin.
D)reduced levels of estrogen.
E)elevated levels of testosterone.
10.Destruction of the ventromedial hypothalamus of a rat is most likely to
A)lower its set point for body weight.
B)cause it to stop eating.
C)lower its blood insulin level.
D)cause the rat to become extremely fat.
E)raise orexin and ghrelin levels.
11.A drop in basal metabolic rate is most likely to result from
A)high testosterone levels.
B)a semistarvation diet.
C)erotic plasticity.
D)excess leptin.
E)decreased testosterone.
12.When encouraged to eat as much as they want, people tend to eat less if the foods are offered in smaller rather than larger portion sizes. This illustrates
A)unit bias.
B)set point.
C)refractory periods.
D)basal metabolic rate.
E)bulimia nervosa.
13.Anorexia patients are most likely to have parents who
A)have physically abused their children.
B)are high-achieving and protective.
C)are able to afford adequate food supplies.
D)are unconcerned about physical appearance and body weight.
E)have difficulty expressing emotional attachments.
14.Research on obesity and weight control indicates that
A)one pound is always lost for every 3500-calorie reduction in diet.
B)fat cells are lost when sustained dieting is combined with exercise.
C)once we become fat, we require less food to maintain our weight than we did to attain it.
D)it is easier for people to lose weight on the second or third attempt at dieting than on the first try.
E)obesity is related to learned patterns of behavior, not biological influences.
15.Research on the sexual response cycle indicates that
A)males and females experience an equally long refractory period following orgasm.
B)women undergo a decrease in physiological arousal more slowly if they have experienced orgasm than if they have not.
C)enough sperm may be released prior to male orgasm to enable conception.
D)during the resolution phase, sexual excitement increases in females but decreases in males.
E)the sexual response and interest cycle decreases rapidly in middle age.
16.Brain scans of people viewing erotic material reveal a more active ______in men than in women.
A)thalamus
B)medulla
C)amygdala
D)cerebellum
E)hippocampus
17.Lower rates of teen pregnancy have been observed among adolescents
A)who have lower-than-average intelligence scores.
B)who are actively religious.
C)whose father is absent from the home.
D)who watch more television.
E)who consume alcohol.
18.Women's sexual orientation tends to be ______felt than men's, and potentially ______and changing than men's.
A)equally strongly; more fluid
B)less strongly; less fluid
C)more strongly; equally fluid
D)less strongly; more fluid
E)equally strongly; equally fluid
19.It has been suggested that the fraternal birth-order effect is a result of
A)erotic plasticity.
B)refractory periods.
C)maternal immune systems.
D)mass-media norms.
E)basal metabolic rate.
20.Simon LeVay discovered that a neural cluster located in the ______was larger in heterosexual men than in homosexual men.
A)cerebellum
B)amygdala
C)hypothalamus
D)medulla
E)hippocampus.
21.Research on the causes of homosexuality suggests that
A)homosexuality develops most readily in families with domineering mothers and weak, ineffectual fathers.
B)homosexuality arises from a fear of members of the opposite sex.
C)male homosexuality results from abnormally high levels of testosterone in the blood.
D)childhood sexual victimization contributes strongly to homosexual development.
E)genetic influence plays a role in sexual orientation.
22.Foolish conformity to peer pressure is most likely to be motivated by ______needs.
A)safety
B)belongingness
C)incentive
D)self-actualization
E)set point
23.A deep sense of well-being results when our need for relatedness is satisfied in balance with our psychological need for
A)autonomy.
B)homeostasis.
C)refractory periods.
D)incentives.
E)conditioning.
24.The anterior cingulate cortex shows increased activity in response to both physical pain and
A)ostracism.
B)refractory periods.
C)social facilitation.
D)pleasure.
E)the sexual response cycle.