Unit 8 Test Review

Study the following questions, your Science Journal and class activities and YOU WILL BE PREPARED! Happy Studying 

Helpful Hint: You’re studying will be easier if you answer the following on separate paper!!

Human Body Systems

Skeletal System:

  1. Define Function. Job/purpose
  2. What are the main organs of the skeletal system? bones
  3. What are the five functions of the skeletal system?

1. Provide support and structure 2. Protect internal organs 3. Attachment site for muscles 4.Production of red blood cells 5. Storage of calcium and phosphorus

  1. What attaches bone to another bone? ligament
  2. What is a joint?

Where two or more bones meet

  1. What is the function of bone marrow?

Inner most layer of bone where red blood cells are produced.

Muscular System

  1. What is the function/purpose of the muscular system? Produce movement
  2. What are the main organs of the muscular system? muscles
  3. What are the three kinds (categories) of muscle we have in our bodies?

1.Skeletal muscle (bicep-voluntary, striated) 2. Cardiac muscle (heart-involuntary, striated) 3. Smooth muscle (digestive tract-involuntary, smooth)

Describe each. Give an example of each. Where are they located?

  1. What attaches muscle to bone? tendons
  2. Where are the locations of Smooth muscle?

digestive tract, uterus

  1. Where is cardiac muscle found in the body? Only heart

Digestive System

  1. What is the function of the Digestive system?

The breakdown of food to absorb nutrients for energy.

  1. What are the main organs of the system?

Esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, liver, gall bladder, rectum, anus

  1. List the entire digestive process in the correct order.

Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus.

  1. What is referred to as your “food tube?” esophagus
  2. What are some examples of physical changes during digestion?

Teeth chewing, stomach churning

  1. What are some examples of chemical changes during digestion?

Saliva in mouth, hydrochloric acid in stomach.

  1. The process of breaking down food for use as energy and building materials for you body is…

digestion

Excretory System

  1. What is this system? The urinary system – filter waste from blood
  2. What are the main organs of the Excretory System?

Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra

  1. What is the stretchy pouch that holds urine? bladder
  2. What filters in this system? Kidney/nephrons
  3. What other systems work with this system?

Nervous system, circulatory system

  1. What are the ureters in the Excretory System? Connect kidneys to bladder
  2. How does the body respond to dehydration?

The body produces less urine.

Integumentary System

  1. What is the function of the Integumentary System?

To protect internal from external, regulate temperature

  1. What are the major organs of this system? Skin, hair, nails
  2. What cell organelle is like the integumentary in that it is a barrier?

Cell membrane

  1. What are the three layers of the skin? Hypodermis, dermis, epidermis
  2. What is the largest organ in the body? skin

Nervous System

  1. What is the function of the nervous system?

Coordinate all body actions and reactions

  1. What are the main organs of this system? Brain, nerves, spinal cord
  2. What carry messages throughout the body? nerves
  3. What are the two kinds of nervous systems? Central NS, Peripheral NS
  4. How are your ears related to the Nervous system?

One of your 5 senses (used in sensory input)

Endocrine System

  1. What is the endocrine system?

Regulates the body by secreting different types of hormones into the bloodstream; controls growth, reproduction, metabolism.

  1. What are the organs of this system?

Pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid, adrenal glands, testes (males), ovaries (females)

  1. What are hormones? Chemical messengers
  2. What does secrete mean? release
  3. What are the specialized organs that secrete hormones that regulate body processes? glands
  4. A student walks home one day and encounters a mean, barking dog. The student becomes scared and runs away from the dog. This “fight or flight“ response is induced by which system? Endocrine system

Reproductive System

  1. What is the purpose of the reproductive system?

To produce new life

  1. What are the male organs and their functions?

Penis, testes, scrotum, epididymis, vas deferens, prostate gland, urethra

  1. What are the female organs? Vagina, ovary, fallopian tubes, uterus
  2. When do boys typically begin puberty?

10-15 years

  1. When do girls typically begin puberty?

9-13 years

  1. What do the testes in males produce?

Sperm and testosterone

  1. What do the ovaries in females produce?

Estrogen (store eggs, not produce)

  1. How many ovaries do females have?

2

  1. What are the Secondary Sex characteristics for males?

Increase in muscle mass, bones lengthening, deepen voice, hair growth, acne

  1. What are the Secondary Sex characteristics for females?

Menstrual cycle, widened pelvis, acne, breast development

  1. What is the male sex hormone?

Testosterone

  1. What are the female sex hormones?

Estrogen and progesterone

  1. What is puberty?

Time when your body begins to develop/mature and change.

Circulatory System:

  1. List the 3 types of blood vessels.Arteries, veins, capillaries
  2. What is the function of Red Blood Cells?Transport oxygen
  3. What is the function of White Blood Cells?Fight infection, body’s “army”
  4. What is the function of Platelets?

To stick together to form clots (scabs)

  1. What carries oxygenated blood away from the heart?

arteries

  1. What carries deoxygenated blood back to the heart?

Veins

  1. Where are the RBCs made?

Bone marrow

  1. Which 2 systems work together to deliver oxygen to the body’s cells?

Respiratory and circulatory

  1. How do veins prevent backflow of blood? (blood from going in the wrong direction?

One way valve that prevents back flow.

  1. How to the heart and lungs work together to provide oxygen to cells?

Lungs take in oxygen and heart pumps to rest of the body.

Respiratory System:

  1. What is the function of the respiratory system?

To take in (inhale) oxygen and release (exhale)/get rid of carbon dioxide

  1. List in order all parts of the respiratory system that oxygen travels through when we breathe in.

mouth/nasal cavity (nose), trachea, bronchi tubes (into lungs) bronchioles, alveoli

  1. What is the name of your voice box?larynx
  2. What is the name of your wind pipe?trachea
  3. Where does gas exchange take place in you lungs?alveoli
  4. Describe how the diaphragm helps the lungs expand and contract.

When the diaphragm contract (sinks) more space is created for the lungs to expand and fill up with oxygen.

  1. What is the function of the trachea?

To transport oxygen to the bronchus and into the lungs/ take carbon dioxide out.

  1. What keeps food from going down your trachea?epiglottis
  2. How does our body get rid of unwanted CO2?exhale
  3. How does the nose help our immune system?

We sneeze and have a runny nose to eliminate foreign substances out of the body.