Unit 7: Water & Water PollutionName ______
Chapter 11, Section 3: Water Pollution
Standards: SCSh 6d
What is water pollution? / •Introduction of ______, ______, or ______agents into water that degrade water quality and adversely affect the organisms that depend on the water.What are two underlying causes of water pollution? / •______
•Rapid ______growth
How does water pollution differ between developed and developing countries? / •Developed countries-
•Main causes
•______
•______runoff
•Developing countries-
•Main causes
•______runoff
•______
What are two sources of pollution? / •Point Source Pollution
•Discharged from ______source
•Easy to ______to source
•Ex: leaking oil tanker, factory pipe, wastewater treatment plant
•Non-point Source Pollution
•Discharged from many ______sources
•______to trace back to source
•Runoff in river could come from ______, ______- difficult to pinpoint specific car or farm
•______% of water pollution is this type
•______public about awareness of problem and what not to do helps control non-point
What are 6 types of water pollution?
- Pathogens
- Organic Matter
- Organic Chemical
- Inorganic chemicals
- Heavy Metals
- Physical Agents
- Pathogens
- Organic Matter
- Organic Chemical
- Inorganic chemicals
- Heavy Metals
- Physical Agents
- Pathogens
- Organic Matter
- Organic Chemical
- Inorganic chemicals
- Heavy Metals
- Physical Agents
- Pathogens
•Ex:
•Bacteria- ______
•Viruses- ______
•______- Giardia, Cryptosporidia
•______worms- filariasis
•Sources:
•______
•Livestock feedlots & poultry farms
•______from overburdened wastewater treatment plants
- Organic Matter
•______
•______
•Sources:
•Mostly ______sources
•______
•Food processing plants
3. Organic Chemicals
•______
•______
•______
•Detergents
•______
•Sources:
•______
•Lawns
•______
•Roads
•______
•______underground storage tanks
4. Inorganic Chemicals
•Acids
•______
•______
•Industrial chemicals
•Sources:
•______
•Road surfaces
•______
•Acid rain
5. Heavy Metals
•______- causes developmental problems in children
•______- from burning coal; causes nerve disorders
•______- from batteries; severe pain, softening of bones, kidney failure
•______- headache, confusion, diarrhea, drowsiness, skin disorders
•Sources:
•______
•Unlined landfills
•______
•Some are ______(arsenic)
6. Physical Agents
•Thermal pollution (water too hot)
•Sources:
•______of trees over river (decreased shade)
•______dump hot waste water
•______from parking lots
•Effects:
•hot water ______in water causing massive fish kills
•Sediment pollution
•One of the ______pollutants in Georgia
•Sources:
•______
•Removal of trees/plants
•Effects:
•water becomes cloudy (______) which blocks sunlight for plants/algae
•______in water if plants are affected
•causes lakes/ponds rivers to fill in which increases risk of ______
How are water pollutants removed from water? / •Wastewater Treatment Plants
•Treat waste water pollutants from homes or industry
•Not all chemicals can be removed from waste water (removing these is expensive & difficult)
•Creates sewage ______
•May be hazardous & must be disposed of as hazardous waste where it is incinerated & ash buried in secure landfill. (expensive)
•If treated can be turned into ______or added to clay to make ______
How does water pollution affect ecosystems?
How does water pollution affect ecosystems?
(cont’d) / ______Eutrophication:
•Dead leaves & animal waste get decomposed by bacteria.
•Bacteria population increases with increased food source
•Bacteria use up oxygen in water
•Hypoxic (lacking oxygen) water cannot support animals
•Animals die and their bodies accumulate on bottom of pond, filling it in (with dead plant matter)
•Pond becomes meadow and eventually a forest
•Takes ______of years
______Eutrophication:
•Acceleration of natural eutrophication- decades instead of centuries.
•Caused by increased use of fertilizers on crops and sewage runoff
•Algae grow quickly with increased fertilizer.
•Algae outcompete each other and some die.
•Bacteria decompose their bodies and use up oxygen in water.
•Less oxygen puts stress on fish and other aquatic animals.
•Leads to death of ecosystem.
______:
•When pollutants accumulate in an animal and that animal is eaten, transferring that pollutant up the food chain.
•Ex: DDT and eagles/osprey.
•DDT builds in fat tissue
•Highest on food chain most affected b/c pollutant does not breakdown.
What type of pollution can you find in groundwater? / •Anything on surface of ground that can affect surface water can affect groundwater.
•______
•______
•______tanks for gasoline, sewage/septic systems, chemicals can leak into groundwater.
•Don’t always know location of these tanks so may leak until someone notices large instance of disease in an area.
Why is cleaning groundwater more difficult than surface water? / •Takes a long time to ______water to dilute pollutants
•______groundwater to clean it up.
•Pollutant attaches to ______so even if water pumped out and replaced with clean water would still become polluted.
How are our oceans polluted? / •Ships can ______wastewater and non-plastic garbage overboard into some parts of the ocean.
•Most ocean pollution (______%) comes from ______
•Oil
•Toxic waste
•Medical waste
•Plastic/litter
•Pollutants travel down rivers and most seriously affect ______areas.
Where does most oil pollution in oceans come from? / •Only ___% of oil spills from oil tanker accidents
•Each year 37 million gallons of oil from tanker accidents are spilled into oceans
•Most oil ocean pollution comes from ______- non-point sources
•People pour car oil down ______(bad- take it to a recycling facility!)
•Small leaks on ______- boats, jet skis, etc.
Exxon Valdez Oil Spill / •March 1989
•Exxon Valdez Oil Tanker ran aground on reef in Prince William Sound in Alaska
•Released ______million gallons of oil
•Killed 1,000’s of birds and other wildlife
•Ruined fishing industry in the area
•Fined ______
•Now ships required to have ______(outer layer of metal) around oil containers in ship.
Deepwater Horizon BP Oil Spill / •April 2010
•Largest accidental marine oil spill in history
•After an explosion and fire on the oil rig ______million gallons of oil leaked from broken pipe under water for 87 days
•Affected marine fisheries, people’s jobs, wildlife, killed 11 people.
•As of 2013, BP has been fined ______, lost contracts, and is under government supervision for the next four years.
How are oil spills cleaned up? / •Try to contain the spill using ______
•______separate oil from water. Hold oil until it can be disposed of.
•May ______it off
•______- add genetically engineered bacteria to eat the left over oil.
What impact does plastic have on the ocean? / •Plastic:
•______
•Plastic floats
•sea turtles mistake it for ______and eat it
•Plastic cannot be digested, turtle feels full, stops eating, and starves.
•Plastic can ______ocean animals
•Great Pacific Garbage Patch
•Large area in Pacific Ocean where plastic garbage from Japan & US is accumulating. Threatens health of wildlife & nobody wants to pay to clean it up.
What laws are established to protect our water quality? / •______(1972)
•Restore & maintain the chemical, physical, & biological integrity of our nation’s waters; make them fishable & swimmable by 1983
•______(1975)
•Established standards for drinking water contaminants
•Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation & Liability Act (______) (1980)
•AKA ______
•Makes owners, operators, consumers of hazardous waste sites responsible for cleanup
•______(1990)
•Required all oil tankers entering US waters to have double hull.
You should be able to… / •Explain why point-source pollution is easier to control than nonpoint-source pollution
•List the major types of water pollutants. Suggest ways to reduce the levels of each of type of pollutant in a water supply
•Describe the unique problems of cleaning up groundwater pollution.
•Describe the sources of most ocean pollution. Is it point-source pollution or non-point source pollution?