Unit 7 Review Question SetHonors Biology

List and describe varioussources of genetic variation that arise within populations. Explain how these sources of variation relate to the process of evolution.

Develop a table in which you compare and contrast the processes of artificial and natural selection. For each, identify and thoroughly describe an example that we have discussed in class.

Explain how geographic isolation and behavioral selection can initiate the process of speciation. Use an example we have discussed in class to support your claims.

Discuss how various forms of reproductive isolation ensure the process of speciation continues.

Discuss the pieces of evidence that support macroevolution and for each explain how they support the statements:

  • Life on earth has evolved over time.
  • Living species are descended from a common ancestral population.

Explain how diverse environments trigger adaptive radiation. Discuss two example populations that illustrate this.

Explain how natural selection acts on a polygenic trait. Describe the various types of selection (directional, disruptive, stabilizing) that can impact the population’s distribution of traits.

Within a population of butterflies, the color brown (B) is dominant over the color yellow (b). And, 40% of all butterflies are yellow. Given this information, calculate the following:

  1. The frequency of heterozygous butterflies.
  2. The frequency of homozygous dominant butterflies.
  3. The frequency of homozygous recessive butterflies.
  4. The frequency of brown butterflies.
  5. The frequency of yellow butterflies.
  6. The number of brown individuals in a population of 7000 butterflies.
  7. The number of yellow individuals in a population of 7000 butterflies.
  8. Fifteen generations pass and the population of butterflies has been reduced to only about 500 individuals. You count 414 yellow individuals and 86 brown individuals. Run a chi square test to determine whether or not this population is at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
  9. Speculate about your findings from h. Discuss 3 different environmental pressures that could account for the change in the phenotypic distribution within the population.

  1. Circle the point on the phylogenetic tree that represents the common ancestor of all of these plants.
  2. Highlight the unique ancestral history of ferns.
  3. Highlight the shared ancestral history of Selaginellales and Isoetales.
  4. Which organisms are most closely related to angiosperms?
  5. Which organisms are most closely related to ferns?
  6. Which organisms share the traits of having leaves and roots?
  7. Which organisms share the traits vascular tissue?
  8. If new genetic evidence revealed that liverworts are more closely related to hornworts than they are to mosses, how would you re-arrange the phylogeny of these plants to correctly reflect this data?