Unit 5Imperialismss8 Mrs. Francis

Unit 5ImperialismSS8 Mrs. Francis

Imperialism

Social Studies 8

Mrs. Francis

Name: ______

Essential Question: How has the influence of the United States impacted other regions of the world?

AIM: Should the US have practiced Imperialism?

Do Now: Define Imperialism

______

HW:

Topic: The Age of Imperialism (1900-1914)

Industrial Revolution

·  ______

·  America began to look for new sources of raw materials.

·  ______

·  ______

Close of the Frontier

·  ______

·  ______

American Nationalism

·  ______

·  ______

Example of European Countries

·  Major nations of Europe were expanding

·  ______

Imperialism

After reading the four statements below, suggest a headline in the form of a question that states the issue being considered. Then complete the exercise.

1890-1900

Headline:

Unit 5ImperialismSS8 Mrs. Francis

1.  Senator Beveridge of Indiana: God has not been preparing the English-speaking Anglo-Saxon peoples for a thousand years for nothing but vain and idle self-admiration. No! He has made us the master organizers of the world to establish a system in place of chaos. He has made us skilled in government so that we may manage government among savage and senile peoples. Were it not for such a force as this the world would fall back into barbarism and night. And of all our race, He has marked the American people as His chosen nation to finally lead in the regeneration of the world.

2.  Professor William Sumner: We assume that what we like and practice, and what we think better, must come as a welcome blessing to people in other nations that we would control. This is untrue. They hate our ways. They are hostile to our ideas. Our religion, language, institutions, and manners offend them. They like their own ways, and if we appear amongst them as rulers, there will be rebellion. Now the great reason why saying to somebody else, “We know what is good for you better than you know yourself and we are going to make you do it,” is false and wrong is that it violates liberty; or, to turn the same statement into other words, the reason why liberty, of which we Americans talk so much, is a good thing is that means leaving people to live out their own lives in their own way, while we do the same. If we believe in liberty, as an American principle, why do we not stand by it? Why are we going to throw it away to enter upon a policy of control and regulation?

3.  Admiral Alfred T. Mahan: Whether they will or not, Americans must now begin to look outward. The growing production of the country demands it. The public demands it. The position of the United States between the two Old Worlds and the two great oceans demands it. The growth of the European colonies in the Pacific, the advancing civilization of Japan, and the rapid peopling of our Pacific states demands it. Therefore we need to build a more powerful navy to protect our harbors and ships and to extend our influence to other parts of the world. Moreover, there are threats to peace all over the world. For example, unsettled political conditions exist in Haiti, Central America, and many of the Pacific Islands, especially the Hawaiian group.

4.  Hawaii’s former Queen Liliuokalani: We never through that our friends and allies from the United States would ever go so far as to overthrow our government, to seize our nation by the throat… Who gives the United States this “Right of Conquest,” under which robbers may establish themselves in possession of whatever they are strong enough to take? The question of taking us over is a change from the existing policy of the United States. The native People of Hawaii are faithful to our own chiefs, and are deeply attached to their own customs and government. They either do not understand, or bitterly oppose, this takeover. Oh, honest Americans, hear me for my down-trodden people! Our form of government is as dear to them as yours is precious to you. Quite as warmly as you love your country, so we love ours. With all your goodly possessions, covering a territory so immense that there yet remain parts unexplored, why do you seek our lands, so far from your shores? You will surely be punished if not in your day, then in that of your children, for “be not deceived, God is not mocked.”

Unit 5ImperialismSS8 Mrs. Francis

Exercise:

Using the preceding readings, list in the appropriate column below, those arguments favoring and those opposing United States imperialism. Then place an asterick (*) next the strongest argument for and strongest argument against United States imperialism.

Based on what you have read, would you have been a supporter or an opponent of American imperialism at the time these opinions were written?

Becoming a World Power

Aim: How did the US acquire Alaska and Hawaii?

Do Now: Define annex - ______

HW:

Isolationism and Expansionism

·  Isolationism: ______

·  Expansionism: ______

Opening trade with Japan

·  ______

·  Treaty of Kanagawa – accepted American demands to help ship wrecked sailors. It also opened two Japanese ports to trade.

·  This launched trade between Japan and the west and made the Japanese aware of the power of the Western industrial nations.

The Purchase of Alaska

·  ______

·  William Seward saw Alaska as an important stepping stone for increasing United States commerce in Asia and the Pacific.

·  ______

·  The Purchase was known as Seward’s Folly.

Age of Imperialism

·  Period between 1870 and 1914 has been called the Age of Imperialism.

·  The policy of powerful countries seeking to control the economic and political affairs of weaker countries or regions.

Reasons for Imperialism

·  The industrial nations of Europe wanted raw materials from Africa and Asia.

·  Many Europeans believed that they had a duty to spread their religion and culture to people who were “less civilized.”

·  A European nation might take over an area just to keep a rival nation from gaining control.

Annexing Hawaii

·  By the mid-1800s, Americans had set up large sugar plantations in Hawaii.

·  As the industry grew, the planters forced the Hawaiian King to reduce his power and increase the planters’ power.

·  Liliuokalani resented the power of the planters.

·  US marines arrive to protect American lives.

·  Liliuokalani gave up her throne.

·  ______

The Open Door Policy

·  In the late 1800s, Britain, France, Germany, Russia, and Japan carved spheres of influence in China.

·  ______

·  Sec. of State John Hay sent a letter to all nations that had spheres of influence in China – urged an Open Door Policy.

·  ______

The Boxer Rebellion

·  The Boxers wanted to get rid of foreigners in China.

·  In 1900 they attacked foreigners all over China – killing over 200.

·  John Hay sent another letter to all nations urging them to respect China’s independence.

The United States Acquires Alaska

Directions: Fill in the blank spaces in the paragraphs below with the information from the map.

The map shows that there are only______miles of water between Alaska and Russia. The body of water between these two land masses is called the ______. The Russians took profitable harvests of seal and sea otter furs from Alaskan coastal waters and islands in the years prior to 1860.

In 1784, the Russians established a fur-trading settlement on ______Island. Then they began trapping on the mainland of Alaska. By 1860, the Russians had killed most of the furbearing animals. Then Russian interest in Alaska began to decline.

In 1867, the Russians suddenly offered to sell Alaska to the United States. Secretary of State William Seward was very interested in the offer. However, some people objected to the purchase. They said that Alaska was worthless. They called Alaska “Seward’s Icebox” and the “Polar Bear Garden.” Other people said that the government had no right to buy outside territory. By “outside” they meant that Alaska was not adjacent to the United States.

Seward went on a campaign to tell the people and Congress about the value of the territory. He explained that Alaska was a great bargain at only 2 cents an acre for a total of $7,200,000. Alaska was even more of a bargain than Louisiana which had cost about three cents an acre.

Seward told about Alaska’s great resources of fish, lumber, and minerals. Then he offered an argument for buying Alaska that was hard to dismiss. “Suppose we did not buy Alaska,” he asked, “would you want some other nation to have it?” Finally, Seward pointed out that since it had been legal by the laws of the country to buy Louisiana, it must also be legal to buy Alaska.

The arguments of Seward finally won out. In April, 1867, the United States Senate agreed to the purchase. The purchase of Alaska also included the Aleutian Islands. The United States thus added about 600,000 square miles of land to its territory.

Understanding

1.  On the map below, circle the Aleutian Islands.

2.  The body of water just north of the Aleutian Islands is the Bering Sea. Label the Bering Sea.

3.  Why did the Russians lose interest in Alaska? ______

4.  Briefly list three arguments Seward offered as reasons for buying Alaska.

Hawaii

Throughout the nineteenth century, Hawaii’s sugar cane industry grew into large money-making ventures. Businesses founded by descendants of American missionaries and whalers increasingly wished to dismantle the Hawaiian monarchy and to make Hawaii a territory of the United States, thereby increasing profits. However, King David Kalakaua and his sister Queen Lilioukalani who ruled Hawaii at the end of the nineteenth century hope to retain Hawaii for native Hawaiians, and preserve their own culture.

In 1893, a handful of American and European residents with the help of American marines and sailors overthrew the last monarch, Queen Liliuokalani. These individuals formed the Republic of Hawaii in 1894 and elected Sanford B. Dole, the U.S. Counsel, as its first and only president. The American business executives continued to push for United States rule “under which they would be exempt from paying the high McKinley tariff imposed on foreign products shipped to the continental United States). In 1898 Hawaii was annexed as a possession of the United States, and finally, despite some Hawaiian opposition, on June 14, 1900. Hawaii became a United States territory. As such, all residents became U.S. citizens. Dole was appointed by President McKinley as the first governor of the new territory.

A woman (Hawaii) and Uncle Sam are getting married, kneeling before the minister (Pres. McKinley) who is reading from a book entitled "Annexation Policy". Senator Morgan is standing watch – he had been the driving force to annex Hawaii.

Spanish American War

Aim: Should the US have gone to war with Spain?

Do Now:

HW:

·  The United States added many new territories beginning in 1898.

·  As a result the US became a world power.

·  Many of its territorial gains came from the Spanish American War.

Tales of Violence

·  ______

·  This stirred American anger against Spain.

·  In 1868, Cuban people had rebelled against Spanish rule.

·  ______

American Revolution

·  Many Americans had invested money in sugar and rice plantations, railroads, tobacco, and iron mines.

·  Many business leaders opposed American involvement because it might hurt trade.

·  ______

Basic Causes of War

·  Humanitarian – Americans sympathized with the Cuban revolution

·  Economic – ______

·  Expansionist – war offered an opportunity to seize territory from Spain.

Immediate Causes of War

·  Yellow Journalism – Two famous American publishers Hearst and Pulitzer were battling for readers. ______

·  The DeLome Letter – A letter written by the Spanish minister to the US, de Lome. He called McKinley weak.

·  Sinking of the Maine – ______

United States – Cuba Relations

Study the time line of United States relations with Cuba beginning in 1854.

1854 Some United States citizens favor taking Cuba from Spain by force, making it another slave state. United States government opposes move.

1868-78 Cubans try to overthrow Spanish rule, which is marked by high taxes, brutality, and lack of civil and political freedom.

1894 United States adopts new tax on imported raw sugar.

·  Sugar piles up in Cuban warehouses

·  Thousands of Cubans lose jobs as plantations close.

1895 Revolt in Cuba again: fighters for independence destroy sugar plantations, the heart of Cuban economy.

·  Investment of American businessmen in Cuba threatened.

·  Trade between Cuba and United States crippled.

1896 Spain sends General Valeriano Weyler to put down rebellion. Weyler announces strict measures:

·  Many civilians forced to move into special relocation camps surrounded by barbed wire

·  Those who refused to move considered enemy supporters by the army

·  Reports reach the United States that one in four Cubans die in relocation camps as a result of disease and starvation.

Questions to answer:

1.  What does this worksheet tell us about relations between the United States and Cuba during the period 1854-1896?

2.  If you had lived in the United States at the time, what would have been yourreaction to the events in Cuba?

3.  Why were Americans so concerned with what was going on in Cuba during the1890s?

4.  Considering what was happening, what should the United States government have done in response to events in Cuba

The Role of Newspapers: Yellow Journalism

The United States government was not at first eager for war with Spain. However, newspaper stories like the ones blow influenced public opinion toward the war. Underline those words in selections 1 and 2 which would have stirred up the strongest feelings of Americans against Spain.