Kristin
SI Biology 255
Unit 4E Continued
1. The vocal ligaments attach ______cartilage to ______cartilage.
2. The mucosal folds are also called the “______” vocal cords.
3. As air rushes up from the lungs ______are produced, creating sound.
4. Vestibular folds, also called “______” vocal cords, do/do not play a role in sound production, close/open glottis when swallowing or holding breath.
5. Match the following terms with their descriptors:
_____ SpeechA. depends upon force of air rushing across vocal cords
_____ PitchB. resonates, amplifies and enhances sound quality
_____LoudnessC. intermittent release of expired air while opening and closing the glottis
_____PharynxD. determined by the length and tension of vocal cords
6. The flexible and mobile tube extending from the larynx into mediastinum is called the ______. The mucosal layer of the ______contains ______cells and ______epithelium. The submucosal layer contains ______tissue. And the outermost layer, ______, has C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage. What is the purpose of this cartilage?
7. The Bronchial Tree, consists of four parts, the ______, ______, ______, ______.
8. The Bronchi extend from the carina at the end of the trachea and extends into both the left and right directions. By the time air has reached this portion of the lungs it is ______and ______of impurities. The bronchi divide to supply each ______of the lungs. Is the tissue of the bronchi more like that of the trachea of alveoli?
9. The change from the conducting zone to the respiratory zone is defined by the presence of ______. The presence of many sacs in the respiratory zone increases the ______of the lungs, allowing for more gas exchange.
10. The ______- ______barrier is made of a fuse layer called the basal lamina, which is shared between the ______and ______walls.
11. Alveolar cell walls are composed of one/two layer(s) of epithelium.
12. How is the surface of alveolar ducts is kept sterile?
13. Match the part of the lung to its description:
_____RootA. narrow superior tip
_____Costal surfaceB. site of vascular and bronchial attachments
_____ApexC. anterior, lateral and posterior surfaces in contact with ribs
_____ BaseD. cavity accommodating heart
_____ HilusE. indentation containing pulmonary and systemic blood vessels
_____ Cardiac notchF. inferior surface resting on diaphragm
_____ Left lungG. 2 lobes
_____ Right lungH. 3 lobes
14. Which nerve stimulates the inspiratory muscles and diaphragm?
15. During inspiration, the diaphragm, intercostal muscles and inspiratory muscles contract/relax. Pressure then drops above/below atmospheric pressure? Air continues to flow until intrapulmonary pressure = atmospheric pressure. What happens during expiration?
16. Chemoreceptors located at the carotid and aortic vessels detect concentrations of ______and ______in the blood. The two areas that control respiration are the ______Respiratory Center and ______Respiratory Center.
17. What important events take place at birth for a fetus allowing it to exchange gases on its own?