Unit 4 GAS TRANSPORT – COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

Correction 2/27/08

Name:______Date: ______

1.CorrectionBefore there can be diffusion, there must be:

  1. Alveolar walls thin enough to diffuse
  2. Circulation
  3. Perfusion
  4. A and b
  5. A and c
  1. Cellular respiration is:
  2. bulk transfer of gas into the cell
  3. diffusion of gas into the cell
  4. conversion of 02 molecules and glucose into energy
  5. None of these
  1. External respiration
  2. is the gas diffusion into the alveoli
  3. is the gas diffusion into the tissue cell from the interstitium
  4. Is the conversion of 02 molecules and sugar into energy
  5. None of these
  1. For gas to diffuse easily through a membrane:
  2. The membrane must been thin enough
  3. There must be enough surface area for gas exchange
  4. There must be a decent pressure gradient between alveoli and capillary
  5. A and B only
  6. A, B and C
  1. Diffusion through a membrane is inversely proportional to:
  2. The thickness of the membrane
  3. The surface area of the membrane
  4. The diffusion constant of the gas being diffused
  5. The pressure gradients on both sides of the membrane
  1. The Henderson/Hasselbalch equation describes pH of the blood and the relationship between:
  2. PaC02 and carbonic acid
  3. carbonic acid and HC03-
  4. Pac02 HC03-
  5. all of these
  1. When there is a 20:1 relationship between bicarb and carbonic acid:
  2. The pH is 7.40
  3. The pH is less than 7.40
  4. The pH is more than 7.40
  1. CorrectionWhen there is a 40:2 relationship between bicarb and carbonic acid:
  2. The pH is 7.40
  3. The pH is less than 7.40
  4. The pH is more than 7.40
  1. This is the H/H formula:
  2. pH = 6.1 + [HC03- H2C03]
  1. pH = 6.1 + HC03-

H2C03

  1. pH = 6.1 + log of HC03-

H2C03

  1. Because the relationship between PaC02 and carbonic acid is so stable, one can assume that:
  2. PaCO2 - .03 = carbonic acid
  3. PaCO2+ .03 = carbonic acid
  4. PaCO2 ÷ .03= carbonic acid
  5. PaCO2 x .03= carbonic acid
  1. In the face of acidosis, the hemoglobin will:
  2. Release 02
  3. Hold 02
  1. In the face of tissue hypoxia, the hemoglobin will:
  1. Release 02
  2. Hold 02
  1. In the face of alkalosis, the hemoglobin will:
  1. Release 02
  2. Hold 02
  1. In the face of a low pH, the hemoglobin will:
  2. Release 02
  3. Hold 02
  1. CorrectionYou have 10 molecules of hemoglobin that are at a state of 50% saturation. This means that:
  2. 5 molecules of hemoglobin are completely combined with 02,and 5 are completely empty
  3. Instead of 4 Fe groups holding 02, only 2 are holding 02
  1. Fetal hemoglobin has a shift to the __, in other words, HbF has increased affinity for 02.
  2. Right
  3. Left
  1. Under normal acid base conditions, at a Pa02 of 60 torr, the Sa02 is about:
  2. 70%
  3. 80%
  4. 90%
  5. 100%
  1. Calculate the PA02 when the Pb is 760 torr, the PaC02 is 40 torr and the Fi02 is 50%.

PAO2 = [(760-47)0.5] - [40/0.8]

PAO2 = [(713)0.5] – [50]

PAO2 = [356.5] – [50]

PAO2 = 306.5

  1. Calculate the PA02 when the Pb 760, the PaC02 is 40 and the Fi02 is 75%

PAO2 = [(760-47)0.75] - [40/0.8]

PAO2 = [(713)0.75] – [50]

PAO2 = [534.75] – [50]

PAO2 = 484.75

  1. Calculate the P(A-a)O2 of the patient in #19 if the Pa02 is 66 torr.

P(A-a)O2 = PAO2 – PaO2

P(A-a)O2 = 484.75 – 66

P(A-a)O2 = 418.75

  1. Calculate the a/A ratio of the patient of #18, if the PaO2 is 66 torr.

a/A ratio = PaO2/PAO2

a/A ratio = 66/306.5

a/A ratio = 22%

  1. Is this an acceptable a/A ratio? What is considered an acceptable a/A ratio?
  2. Yes, 100%
  3. Yes, 75%
  4. No, 60%
  5. No, 75%
  1. According to Fick’s law of diffusion of gases though a membrane, the bigger the surface area the ___ the diffusion.
  2. Better
  3. Worse
  4. Unaffected
  1. According to Fick’s law of diffusion of gases though a membrane, the thicker the membrane the____ the diffusion.
  2. Better
  3. Worse
  4. Unaffected
  1. If a person’s lung disease destroyed his airways to the point that the surface area is decreased by 50%, one could help the patient by increasing the:
  2. Membrane between alveoli and capillary
  3. The gradient between alveoli and capillary
  1. When there is so much damage done to the alveoli/capillary interface thatraising the pressure gradient is not enough to help the patient oxygenate, one could say that the patient has:
  2. Hypoxemia
  3. Refractory hypoxemia
  1. As the interstitial spaces around the alveoli fill up with excessive fluid, the:
  2. Surface area decreases
  3. Surface area increases
  4. The membrane thickens
  1. As the infected alveoli fill with secretions, the:
  2. Surface area decrease
  3. Surface area increases
  4. The membrane thickens
  1. C02 is carried in the plasma:
  2. Bound to hemoglobin
  3. Bound to plasma proteins
  4. Dissolved as a gas
  5. A and C
  6. B and C
  1. C02 is carried in the plasma as bicarbonate because the C02 hydrolyzes into:
  2. H2C02 [carbonic acid]
  3. HC03 - H+
  4. It turns into “A” which in turn can go into “B”
  5. None of these
  1. CorrectionCarbonic acid is:
  2. Stable
  3. Unstable
  4. Easily broken into C02 and H20 or HC03- and H+
  5. A and C
  6. B and C
  1. As C02 rises in the blood:
  2. More carbonic acid is made
  3. Less carbonic acid is made
  4. Lactic acid is made
  1. The pH of the blood is the balance of:
  2. carbonic acid to bicarbonate
  3. C02 to 02
  4. Pa02 to PaC02
  1. All of the following are types of hypoxia except:
  2. Hypoxemic
  3. Methemeglobinemia
  4. Histotoxic
  5. Anemic
  1. Treatment of CO poisoning include:
  2. 100% FiO2
  3. Hyperbaric Chamber
  4. Bone marrow transfusion
  5. A and B only