Unit 2 Guide: Advanced Concepts of Earth Science
Earth’s Chemistry
Key Concepts and Questions to Be Able to Explain and Answer:
1. All matter is made up of atoms.
2. How has our model of the atom changed over time? Explain the models of Democritus, Dalton, Thompson, Rutherford, Bohr, Chadwick, and the Electron Cloud
3. What are the parts of an atom? Be able to name, diagram, and describe properties of: the nucleus, protons, neutrons, electrons, and energy levels.
4. Use the periodic table to give information about elements. For a given element, you should be able to determine the number of protons/neutrons/electrons, the atomic mass, the atomic number, and its family. You should also be able to describe trends as you move down a group or across a period.
5. Give common characteristics about the following element families: halogens, noble gases, metalloids, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, nonmetals.
6. What is an isotope? Calculate the number of protons, neutrons and electrons for certain isotopes.
7. Why and how do atoms bond? What is an ionic bond? What is a covalent bond? Be able to determine which atoms would bond together ironically and which would bond covalently.
8. What is an ion? Explain how an element would become an ion with a positive charge or a negative charge. Be able to determine the amount of charge for an ion involved in a chemical reaction. 9. What law dictates that chemical reactions must be balanced? Be able to balance chemical equations.
10. Distinguish between atoms, molecules, compounds and mixtures. Distinguish between homogenous and heterogeneous mixtures. Identify the solute and solvent in a solution. Be able to solve solubility problems.
11. Give examples of physical properties of matter. Give examples of chemical properties of matter. What are physical changes? What are chemical changes? 12. Name the four states of matter and give descriptions of each. How do you change from one to another?
*Know the name and symbol for the first 20 elements, zinc (Zn), silver (Ag), gold (Au), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb).*
Assessments
Quiz Date: ______
Unit 2 TestDate: ______
Piktochart ProjectDate: ______
ReadingAssignments:
Students will be assigned readings from the following pages in the text book.
Chapter 4:pp. 80 - 101
Vocabulary
matter neutroncompoundmixturemelting
elementelectronmoleculephysical propertyfreezing
atomatomic numberionchemical propertysublimation
nucleusmass number
ionic bondvaporizationsolidaverage atomic mass
protonisotopecovalent bondcondensationliquid
gasplasmaductility lustermalleability
reactantsproducts