FINAL EXAM REVIEW & TIPS

When: ______

Where: ______

Textbook hand in: ______

What do I need to bring?

  1. calculator
  2. pencils/eraser
  3. ruler

How should I prepare for the Exam?

  1. Start EARLY – don’t cram it all in just before the exam.
  2. Organize your notebook (put all sheets into binder in order).
  3. Study notes and review tests and quizzes from past units
  4. Go over review sheet (on back of this page) and be sure you understand how to answer each type of question.
  5. Come in for extra help at lunch or after school if you have any questions.
  6. Form a study group with reliable students. Teaching and learning from each other is golden.
  7. Get plenty of rest the night before the exam, eat breakfast in the morning and arrive with a positive attitude. You are going to do great!

What do I not need to memorize? (i.e.: these will be provided for you)

  1. The periodic table
  2. Formulas
  3. Electrostatic series

Unit #1 – Ecology

A. True/False:

State whether each of the following statements is true or false.

  1. ______The carrying capacity is the lowest population of a species that can live in a particular environment.
  2. ______A flood that drowns most of the groundhog population in an area is an example of density dependent population regulation.
  3. ______Decomposers are an important part of all nutrient cycles.
  4. ______Animals add carbon dioxide to the environment through the process of cellular respiration.
  5. ______Carbon dioxide is a product of photosynthesis.
  6. ______Abiotic factors include decomposers living in an ecosystem.
  7. ______Secondary consumers eat producers.
  8. ______Available energy increases as you move up the trophic levels.
  9. ______Producers get their energy from the sun.

B.Multiple Choice:

Choose the best answer for each of the following questions.

  1. A rabbit is an example of a:

a) producerb) primary consumerc) secondary consumerd) decomposer

  1. Which of the following does not have a natural predator?

a) herbivoreb) carnivorec) top carnivored) producer

  1. Agriculture causes the following problems except:

a) habitat lostb) bioaccumulationc) increase of biodiversityd) an artificial ecosystem

  1. In the following food chain, which organism would likely contain the largest amount of D.D.T.? Plankton  Squid  Fish  Dolphin

a) the planktonb) the squidc) the fishd) the dolphin

  1. Which of the following feed at many trophic levels?

a) herbivoreb) carnivorec) top carnivored) producer

  1. The producers in an ecosystem are

a) heterotrophsb) autotrophc) parasitesd) omnivores

Questions 18 - 22 are based on the following situation:
In a certain region the eyes of deer are parasitized by flies. Assume that the “eye-flies” can live only as parasites on the eyes of the deer. The principal food in the diet of the deer is blueberry bushes.
  1. What is the food-chain in this situation?

a)producer: blueberries  first-order consumer: deer  second-order consumer: eye-flies

b)producer: eye-flies  first-order consumer: deer  second-order consumer: blueberries

c)producer: sun  first-order consumer: deer  second-order consumer: eye-flies

d)producer: deer  first-order consumer: blueberries  second-order consumer: eye-flies

  1. Suppose the population of eye-flies becomes so large that the eyes of many deer are badly damaged. What will be the probable effect on the organisms in the food chain?

a) the blueberry population will decreaseb) the blueberry population will increase

c) the deer population will increase d) all populations will increase

  1. An Oriental beetle that feeds only on eye-flies is now brought into the region. If the beetles thrive, what will the probable effect be on the organisms in the food chain?

a) the deer population will increase b) the blueberry population will increase

c) the eye-fly population will increased) all populations will decrease

  1. Assume that the beetles kill all the eye-flies in the region. It could be reasonably predicted that the

a)blueberry population will increase in proportion to the beetle population.

b)beetle population will increase in proportion to the deer population.

c)deer population will increase to the limit of its food supply.

d)deer population will decrease.

  1. Assume that all eye-flies in the region have been destroyed. It can reasonably be expected that

a) the deer will die out. b) the consumption of blueberries will stop

c) the beetles will die out.d) the blueberries will die out.

Matching:

  1. The role of green plants in an ecosystem.a) trophic level
  2. The role of animals in an ecosystem.b) food web
  3. The feeding order of an organism within a chain.c) consumer
  4. The several food chains linked together.d) bioaccumulation
  5. The build up of pollutants as they pass through a foode) producer

chain.

D. Short Answer:

  1. Explain in your own words how DDT enters and is passed up the food chain. Explain why it gets more concentrated as the trophic level increases.
  2. Sketch below one of the nutrient cycles and state two ways that humans impact the natural cycling of that nutrient.
  3. Examine the following graph:

  1. Hypothesis why the graph shows more snowshoe hares than lynx.
  2. Explain the pattern in the graph.
  1. High biodiversity is vital to having sustainable (or stable) ecosystems.
  2. What is biodiversity?
  3. How does a high biodiversity help to keep ecosystems healthy?
  4. What are humans doing to reduce biodiversity? Provide two examples.
  5. What can humans do to maintain or increase biodiversity? Provide two examples.

30.List and give examples of Earth’s spheres?

31.Describe the difference between a community, population and a species.

32.Define Biotic vs. Abiotic. Give one example of each

33.Define limiting factors, carrying capacity

34.Define food web, food chain, habitat or biome

35.Name and describe the four at-risk categories discussed in class

36.Create a 4 step food chain. Identify each step as a primary consumer, a secondary consumer, or as a producer. Identify the trophic level for each step. Discuss energy transfer in a food chain.

UNIT #2 – ATOMS AND ELEMENTS (Chemistry)

1. Match the terms below with the correct definitions.

_____chemical changeA. has a negative charge and is located in orbits around the nucleus

_____quantitative propertyB. more than one phase is observed

_____protonC. a row in the Periodic Table

_____atomD. has no charge and is located in the nucleus of an atom

_____heterogeneousE. a property of matter that must be measured

_____periodF. the part of a solution that is dissolved; the solid part

_____isotopeG. a change of matter that cannot be reversed

_____qualitative propertyH. the smallest particle of matter

_____homogeneousI. only one phase is observed

_____soluteJ. a change of matter that can be reversed

_____electronK. a property of matter that is detected by the senses

_____groupL. has a positive charge and is located in the nucleus of an atom

_____physical changeM. number that represents the number of protons or electrons

_____solventN. a charged atom; formed when an atom gains or loses electrons

_____neutronO. an atom with a different number of neutrons in its nucleus

_____ionP. represented by the number of protons plus the number of

neutrons

_____atomic massQ. the liquid part of a solution; it does the dissolving

_____atomic numberR. a column in the Periodic Table; also called a family

3. The density of a block of wood is 0.85 g/cm3 and its volume is 12 cm3. What is its mass?

4. A piece of steel has a mass of 25 g and its volume is 5 cm3. What is its density?

5. A block of plastic has a density of 0.95 g/cm3 and a mass of 10 g. What is its volume?

6. Match each of the following scientists with their contributions to chemistry.

____RutherfordA. made the first Periodic Table

____ThomsonB. stated that an atom was a positive nucleus surrounded by a cloud of electrons

____MendeleevC. electrons are located in shells around the nucleus

____BohrD. raisin bun model of atomic structure

7. Classify each of the following as either a physical (P) or chemical (C) change.

____ wood burning in the fireplace____ slicing bread

____ a car rusts____ ice melts

8. Give the correct symbols for the following elements.

_____hydrogen_____ beryllium_____ iodine_____ sodium

_____ neon_____ oxygen_____calcium_____helium

_____ mercury_____sulphur_____ boron_____ iron_____ gold
9. Name the following elements.

He ______Zn ______Si ______Li ______
Ni ______N ______Ar ______Ag ______

Mg ______Cu ______Al ______Ba ______
C ______Cl ______F ______Pb ______
P ______K ______Sn ______

10. Fill in the table below stating the protons, neutron and electron number for each of the elements

Element / Symbol / Atomic Number / Mass number / Protons / Neutrons / Electrons
Bromine
Magnesium
23 / 12
13

11. Draw Bohr-Rutherford diagrams for the following elements.

hydrogenboronneonpotassium

12. Write the correct chemical formula for the following ionic compounds. (draw lewis dot diagrams and try the “cross-over” method)

potassium chloridecalcium fluoridesodium oxide

13. State 4 properties of metals and non-metals.

14. Match each of the following gases with the correct reaction.

_____oxygenA. pops when exposed to a glowing splint

_____ carbon dioxideB. a glowing splint bursts into flame

_____ hydrogenC. a burning splint extinguishes (goes out)

15. Compare Ionic and Covalent/Molecular substances

UNIT #3 – CHARACTERISTICS OF ELECTRICITY

  1. What is static electricity?
  2. What is the law of electric charges?
  3. What is the electrostatic series? How does it work?
  4. Differentiate between methods of charging objects (friction, conduction, induction). **DRAW diagrams for pith balls and electroscopes
  5. What are insulators and conductors? Give examples.
  6. What does the term grounding mean?
  7. Why are lightning rods so important? Explain the value of an alternate electron path.
  8. What is current electricity?
  9. Describe the differences between electric current and voltage.
  1. Fill in the Blanks with the Correct Term:

Positively / insulator / protons / electrons / electrons
conductor / proton / attract / Negative / load
Positive / Negatively / terminal / conductor / repel
Load / Series / Parallel
  1. A material that does not allow an electric charge to pass through it is called a ______.
  2. A ______is a material, usually a metal, which does allow an electric charge to pass through it.
  3. Unlike charges usually ______one another.
  4. Like charges usually ______one another.
  5. Positively charged subatomic particles usually found in the nucleus of an atom are ______.
  6. Negatively charged subatomic particles usually found outside the nucleus of the atom are ______.
  7. If an item has a neutral charge, this means it has the same number of ______and ______.
  8. A negatively charged object is attracted to a ______charged object, and repelled by a ______charged object.
  9. Grounding a conductor means connecting it through a ______to the ground.
  10. The ______in a circuit converts electrical energy into other forms of energy.
  11. In a ______circuit, the current from the source divides among the branches.
  12. A ______circuit allows electrons to flow through only one branch of a circuit.
  1. For each of the following indicate if it is a conductor or insulator:

a) wood ______e) plastic______

b) silver ______f) aluminum______

c) fur ______h) cardboard______

d) copper ______i) wet air ______

  1. Draw the correct symbols for each of the following:

Conduction wire / Resistor
Switch / Load
Battery or
Energy Cell / Light bulb
Ammeter / Voltmeter
  1. What is the resistance in a flashlight bulb that has a voltage drop across the bulb of 55 V and a current of 0.11 A.
  1. What is the potential difference across an electric water heater element that has a resistance of 32 Ω when the current through it is 6.8 A?
  1. Calculate the percent efficiency of a kettle that uses 240 000 J of energy to boil 600 mL of water, which requires 196 000 J of energy.
  1. Using the proper symbols draw a circuit that consists of a 3 V battery, 3 light bulbs connected in parallel, a switch that controls ALL of the light bulbs, and a voltmeter properly connected to measure the electrical potential of the battery.
  1. Using the proper symbols draw a circuit that consists of a 6 V battery, a light bulb, a motor, and a switch all connected in series, and an ammeter to measure the electric current flowing through the circuit.