Unit 16 - Exercises
I
1). He was so desirous of reading books (books having/needing to be read) that he was removing (removed) all (the books) from the country house of the famous leader.
2). He/She/It went to Rome for the purpose of seeking help (help having/needing to be sought) from the soldiers of the king.
3). By daily running I maintain the health of my body; I have never fallen/lapsed from this way of living.
4). By singing songs/poems (songs/poems having/needing to be sung) the poet received money.
5). The brave citizens began to fight for the sake of overcoming the enemies of the state (the enemies of the state having/needing to be overcome).
6).a). It was always necessary that I understand those things which were said by the leader.
b). It was always necessary that I (might) understand what (things) had been said by the leader.
7). It is proper/necessary that all (men/women/people) lead (their) life as well as possible; for time falls/slips away extremely quickly. Unless we shall have done something (of) good, we shall live in vain.
8). It is necessary for the king to die so that freedom may be established in this (here) state.
9). In times of peace, it is permitted that the fortified gates of the ancient city (may) be opened.
10). If it is granted/permitted to men to break the laws, why is it having/needing to be obeyed by us to the orders of the consul (do we have to obey the consul’s orders)?
11). It repented the honorable and dutiful guard of his small crime so much (The honorable and dutiful guard was so sorry for his small crime) that he was bringing/offering (brought/offered) many gifts to the altars of the immortal gods.
12). I do not know why it moves you to pity for the weighty grief of all the men with weak bodies (you pity the weighty grief of all the men with weak bodies).
13). It bores and disgusts good and honorable men of (Good and honorable men are bored and disgusted by) the bad men who want to break the laws established by the king.
14). For whom is it a concern that he/she/it (should) establish laws useful for the sake of the safety of all races having/needing to be protected (protecting the safety of all races)?
15). It is an interest with respect to our (affair/matter) (in our interest) to learn wisdom by the books of a wise writer having/needing to be read (reading the books of a wise writer).
16). And it was not permitted to any one of us to enjoy/make use of that (damned) law.
17). By commanding/ruling badly, the greatest command/authority/empire is lost.
18). (A) Letters/letter were/was being sent to me about new states having/needing to be set up (setting up new states).
19). Although he was zealous/desirous of ruling well, (nevertheless) (the) love of/for the people was lacking/missing to him.
20). For the sake of peace having/needing to be sought (seeking peace), it was necessary/proper for the leader to promise that he (himself) would be harmful to no one after the war.
21). He/She/It has asked whether it is a crime, (that thing) for which it will have been necessary to feel guilt.
22). Wars must be fought so that it may be lived (one may live) in peace without harm; with the enemies having been conquered, (and) with peace having been brought about, it is not of importance to the people that so many extremely brave men/people have died, because they (allegedly) perished on behalf of the fatherland and the freedom of all (men/women/people).
23). It repents me of not maintaining the cause of the state well (Not taking care of the state makes me feel guilty); but it was of interest in the highest degree with respect to my (affair/matter) (to me) that I should/might live safe(ly).
24). It shames and disgusts me of me. (I am ashamed of and disgusted by myself.)
25). (O) Our mother, it would be moving us to pity of you (we would be pitying you), if you were not so desirous of (your) spouse having/needing to be lost (dying)!
26).a). For the purpose of peace having/needing to be prepared (preparing peace) the citizens joined the
enemies to themselves by a pact.
b). For the sake of peace having/needing to be prepared (preparing peace) the citizens joined the
enemies tothemselves by a pact.
c). So that they might prepare peace, the citizens joined the enemies to themselves by a pact.
27).a). For the sake of the task having/needing to be completed better (better completing the task) the
spouse was preparing aid.
b). For the purpose of the task having/needing to be completed better (better completing the task)
the spouse was preparing aid.
c). The spouse was preparing aid by means of (doing) which he/she/it might better complete the
task.
28). By (means of) wars having/needing to be waged (waging wars) fatherlands become more powerful.
29). By ruling well, the leader obtained the love of (his) companions.
30). Let us (We might/could/would) (If only we might) follow nature, the best leader for living well!
31). Indeed, this (thing here) seems to be of importance to that (damned) leader.
32). And it is not of importance to anyone whether the king is desirous of (his) authority having/needing to be displayed (showing (his) authority), or not. The citizens are favorable to him, and it is not an interest with respect to their (affair/matter) (of interest to them) in what manner he uses (his) power, provided that he is not harmful to they themselves.
33). And if there is anyone of such a sort as it was fitting that all (men/people/women) be, who becomes angry because I have (allegedly) not killed those (lousy) enemies, hostile to the citizens, rather than (I have) expelled (them) from the city, that is not my fault, but (is the fault) of the times.
34). It is necessary that men/people be at hand, prepared either for war or for peace.
35). Because of adverse/opposing winds, the sailors were not able to approach the island; the ships are being carried by an adverse/opposing river. (Those) who stood on the neighboring/closest shore were able to bring no(thing of) help.
36). Happy is (the man) who was freely able to learn the causes of things by (means of) many books having/
needing to be read (reading many books) and by (means of) learning many things.
37). It will have to be believed to the old (men/women/people) (We will have to trust the elderly) if we will
be desirous of living well. The best examples stand before (our) eyes. It is necessary that we see them.
38). What suitable gifts did you give to the men/women/people going away?
39). The leader was sparing neither to his own companions nor to others. No one in all the cities of the province or in this (here) (city) itself was safe.
40). A good man also thinks about a reason for giving.
41). He/She/It responded/responds that there was/is need of time for the purpose of counsel having/needing to be taken (taking counsel).
42). If there are gods, and they do not tell men/people in advance what (things) will be, (then) they either do not like men/people, or they do not know what (thing) will be; or they judge that not at all is in the interest of men (men have no interest) to know what (thing) will be; or they do not think that it is (characteristic) of their own glory to show men/people in advance what (things) will be; or not even the gods themselves are able to express these things. But neither do they not like us (for they are very famous and good friends of men); nor do they not know these things which have been established by they themselves; nor is it not at all an interest with respect to our (affair/ matter) (an interest to us) to know these things which will be (for we will be happier and safer, surer about that (thing) which will happen, if we will know); nor do they consider this (thing) out-of-place with respect to their own glory (for nothing is clearer and better than a kind deed); nor are they unable to know future things in advance; therefore, there are no gods, nor do they show future things to us; yet there are gods; therefore they show (things) for the purpose of us having/needing to be warned (warning us) about future matters; and if they show future things, they do not give no (give some) paths/ways to us for the purpose of (their) signs having/needing to be understood (understanding (their) signs) (for they would be showing in vain (otherwise)); nor, if they give signs, does divination not exist; therefore, divination exists.
43). What is there in the nature of man for a long time? For give (us) the longest/final time, let us await/expect a long life, yet to me anything seems not even long (nothing seems long), in which there is some sort of end. For when it has arrived, then that (time) which has gone by has flown forth; this (time) alone remains, which (is the sort of time which) you have obtained by means of virtue and good deeds; indeed, the hours fall (away), and the days and the months and the years, nor does past time ever return, nor is (that thing) which may follow able to be known; what(ever) (of) time is granted to each (man/person) for the purpose of living, he ought to be content with it.
II
1). Ita/Tam/Adeo/Sic reginam amoris ardentis ducis decori pudebat/puduit ut eum/hunc/illum e civitate expulerit/pepulerit.
2). Ad cives/civis terrendos (Civium terrendorum causa) (Ut cives/civis terreret), legatus copiis/militibus imperavit ut provinciam eorum/illorum/horum oppugnarent delerentque.
3). Ars carminis scribendi tam/ita/sic/adeo difficilis est ut paucissimi (viri/homines) discendi quo modo faciendum sit studiosi sint.
4). Postquam/Antequam/Cum taedae in urbis portas latae/portatae erant, rex hospitibus de/e/a provincia qui ad artem oppidorum muniendorum discendam (artis oppidorum muniendorum discendae causa) (ut discerent artem oppidorum muniendorum)venerant alta moenia ostendere potuit.
5). Discere leges/legis aliorum (populorum) me taedet; tempus etiam non habeo nostras (leges/legis) legere.