Tri Manh Tran,1,2 and Kurunthachalamkannan1,3*

SUPPORTING INFORMATION

Occurrence of phthalate diesters in particulate and vapor phases in indoor air and implications for human exposure in Albany, New York, USA

Tri Manh Tran,1,2 and KurunthachalamKannan1,3*

1 Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, New York 12201-0509, United States

2 Faculty of Chemistry, Hanoi University of Science, Vietnam National University at Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, HoanKiem, Hanoi, Vietnam

3 Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia

* Corresponding author at: Wadsworth Center, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509,

Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA. Tel.: +1 518 474 0015, +1 518 473 7553; fax: +1 518

473 2895, +1 518 473 8520.

E-mail address: (K. Kannan).

Table S1: The method detection limit (MDL), the method quantification limit (MQL), and the recoveries of internal standard in method blanks
Vapor phase / Particulate phase
Recoveries, % (n=8) / Recoveries, % (n=8)
MDL, ng/m3 / MQL, ng/m3 / Range / Mean / RSD / MDL, µg/g / MQL, µg/g / Range / Mean / RSD
DMP / 0.06 / 0.20 / 85.5 – 102 / 90.0 / 5.84 / 0.8 / 2.5 / 76.1 – 116 / 82.0 / 9.24
DEP / 0.03 / 0.10 / 98.7 – 120 / 111 / 5.17 / 0.4 / 1.5 / 78.3 - 109 / 102 / 7.96
DIBP / 0.03 / 0.10 / 107 – 126 / 116 / 8.44 / 0.4 / 1.5 / 102 – 127 / 116 / 9.64
DBP / 0.03 / 0.10 / 97.4 – 122 / 107 / 8.97 / 0.4 / 1.5 / 93.2 - 126 / 112 / 10.9
DNHP / 0.06 / 0.20 / 96.5 – 124 / 118 / 6.09 / 0.8 / 2.5 / 95.7 – 125 / 109 / 11.0
BzBP / 0.06 / 0.20 / 99.2 – 121 / 112 / 10.8 / 0.8 / 2.5 / 84.6 - 111 / 103 / 7.40
DCHP / 0.14 / 0.45 / 95.3 – 122 / 114 / 9.0 / 2.0 / 6.0 / 95.2 – 123 / 115 / 9.23
DEHP / 0.03 / 0.10 / 105 – 125 / 117 / 11.9 / 0.4 / 1.5 / 103 - 118 / 110 / 5.60
DOP / 0.14 / 0.45 / 89.6 – 119 / 102 / 8.16 / 2.0 / 6.0 / 84.1 - 109 / 93.5 / 10.2
Table S2. Concentrations of phthalate diesters in particulate phase (ng/m3) in indoor air from Albany, New York, USA
DMP / DEP / DIBP / DBP / DNHP / BzBP / DCHP / DEHP / DOP / ƩPHT
Homes / range / <MQL-2.40 / 3.42-361 / 1.47-178 / 0.85-451 / n.d.-3.44 / 0.11-59.8 / n.d.-0.24 / 4.95-72.0 / n.d.-0.67 / 11.1-1130
n=20 / mean / 0.50 / 79.6 / 55.3 / 71.9 / 0.24 / 6.26 / <MQL / 24.1 / <MQL / 238
median / 0.27 / 18.0 / 33.9 / 44.7 / <MQL / 1.19 / <MQL / 22.9 / <MQL / 182
DR% / 100 / 100 / 100 / 100 / 40 / 100 / 10 / 100 / 15 / -
Offices / range / <MQL-0.4 / 0.37-237 / 1.29-192 / 3.92-102 / n.d.-0.11 / 0.36-1.95 / n.d. / 11.0-52.8 / n.d. / 17.2-587
n=7 / mean / 0.28 / 42.9 / 44.3 / 28.4 / <MQL / 0.94 / n.d. / 29.7 / n.d. / 147
median / 0.25 / 1.0 / 7.30 / 14.3 / <MQL / 0.89 / n.d. / 29.3 / n.d. / 68.7
DR% / 100 / 100 / 100 / 100 / 42.9 / 100 / 0 / 100 / 0 / -
Laboratories / range / n.d.-0.36 / 0.34-14.9 / 1.48-17.1 / 2.01-21.3 / n.d.-1.17 / 0.11-4.22 / n.d.-0.74 / 2.48-90.0 / n.d.-0.4 / 6.70-150
n=13 / mean / 0.45 / 2.57 / 4.65 / 6.67 / 0.58 / 1.40 / <MQL / 37.3 / <MQL / 53.1
median / 0.29 / 1.41 / 2.43 / 5.40 / <MQL / 0.99 / <MQL / 34.0 / <MQL / 46.8
DR% / 46.2 / 100 / 100 / 100 / 69.2 / 100 / 30.8 / 100 / 23.1 / -
Schools / range / 0.11-0.48 / 8.89-202 / 3.64-69.5 / 9.62-94.3 / n.d.-3.19 / 0.68-8.35 / n.d. / 2.04-58.7 / n.d. / 25.2-433
n=6 / mean / 0.28 / 60.3 / 25.2 / 44.6 / <MQL / 5.45 / n.d. / 15.8 / n.d. / 152
median / 0.31 / 40.4 / 24.1 / 45.1 / <MQL / 7.12 / n.d. / 5.93 / n.d. / 146
DR% / 100 / 100 / 100 / 100 / 33.3 / 100 / 0 / 100 / 0 / -
Salons / range / 0.25-0.52 / 17.7-466 / 12.5-579 / 35.5-90.8 / n.d. / 0.27-1.98 / n.d. / 12.4-42.7 / n.d. / 78.9-1180
n=6 / mean / 0.39 / 224 / 234 / 65.8 / n.d. / 0.88 / n.d. / 27.5 / n.d. / 553
median / 0.36 / 231 / 225 / 66.3 / n.d. / 0.78 / n.d. / 27.5 / n.d. / 553
DR% / 100 / 100 / 100 / 100 / 0 / 100 / 0 / 100 / 0 / -
Public places / range / <MQL-1.14 / 21.6-143 / 4.71-45.0 / 11.0-40.2 / n.d. / 0.33-3.08 / n.d. / 3.89-52.2 / n.d.-<MQL / 41.9-286
n=8 / mean / 0.57 / 54.1 / 23.2 / 22.7 / n.d. / 1.37 / n.d. / 23.0 / <MQL / 125
median / 0.49 / 40.0 / 24.2 / 21.4 / n.d. / 1.30 / n.d. / 23.9 / <MQL / 97.9
DR% / 100 / 100 / 100 / 100 / 0 / 100 / 0 / 100 / 37.5 / -
Total / range / n.d.-2.40 / 0.34-466 / 1.29-579 / 0.85-451 / n.d.-3.44 / 0.11-59.8 / n.d.-0.74 / 2.04-90.3 / n.d.-0.67 / 4.91-1650
n=60 / mean / 0.35 / 67.8 / 53.6 / 42.8 / <MQL / 3.31 / <MQL / 27.0 / <MQL / 195
median / 1.35 / 17.3 / 19.4 / 24.9 / <MQL / 1.02 / <MQL / 24.7 / <MQL / 125
DR% / 95 / 100 / 100 / 100 / 55 / 100 / 15 / 100 / 15 / -
n.d.: not detectable.DR%: detection rate. “<MQL”: below the method quantification limit (range: 0.1 to 0.45 ng/m3 for individual phthalate). ƩPHT: Total concentrations of nine phthalate diesters.
Table S3. Concentrations of phthalate diesters in particulate phase (µg/g) in indoor air from Albany, New York, USA
DMP / DEP / DIBP / DBP / DNHP / BzBP / DCHP / DEHP / DOP / ƩPHT
Homes / range / <MQL-54.1 / 82.1-7340 / 33.0-2980 / 19.1-8210 / n.d.-41.3 / 3.09-1200 / n.d.- <MQL / 117-1520 / n.d.-14.0 / 259-21400
n=20 / mean / 9.96 / 1470 / 1100 / 1460 / 3.40 / 121 / <MQL / 510 / <MQL / 4680
median / 6.26 / 397 / 659 / 1050 / <MQL / 27.1 / <MQL / 401 / <MQL / 3910
DR% / 100 / 100 / 100 / 100 / 60 / 100 / 15 / 100 / 15 / -
Offices / range / <MQL-10.4 / 8.89-5420 / 31.0-4390 / 94.0-2320 / n.d.-5.74 / 8.75-46.7 / n.d. / 395-1270 / n.d. / 542-13500
n=7 / mean / 4.37 / 1110 / 1230 / 766 / <MQL / 25.9 / n.d. / 764 / n.d. / 3910
median / 5.64 / 24.1 / 175 / 344 / <MQL / 26.1 / n.d. / 707 / n.d. / 1650
DR% / 100 / 100 / 100 / 100 / 71.4 / 100 / 0 / 100 / 0 / -
Laboratories / range / n.d.-8.68 / 8.13-298 / 35.5-342 / 72.3-425 / n.d.-23.3 / 5.16-84.4 / n.d.-14.8 / 119-1800 / n.d.-<MQL / 244-3000
n=13 / mean / 7.89 / 66.2 / 111 / 160 / 3.64 / 33.6 / 3.88 / 898 / <MQL / 1280
median / 5.22 / 50.7 / 75.8 / 130 / <MQL / 23.7 / n.d. / 827 / <MQL / 1200
DR% / 84.6 / 100 / 100 / 100 / 69.2 / 92.3 / 46.2 / 100 / 7.69 / -
Schools / range / 2.53-29.0 / 95.5-6470 / 120-1530 / 309-4200 / n.d.-6.67 / 13.5-552 / n.d. / 115-522 / n.d. / 658-13300
n=6 / mean / 11.5 / 2440 / 744 / 1680 / <MQL / 257 / n.d. / 296 / n.d. / 5430
median / 5.90 / 1990 / 569 / 711 / <MQL / 266 / n.d. / 269 / n.d. / 5090
DR% / 100 / 100 / 100 / 100 / 83.33 / 100 / 0 / 100 / 0 / -
Salons / range / 7.86-20.9 / 733-13900 / 313-21400 / 1100-2640 / n.d. / 6.23-49.6 / n.d. / 274 / n.d. / 2440
n=6 / mean / 11.7 / 6060 / 7570 / 1910 / n.d. / 26.9 / n.d. / 926 / n.d. / 16500
median / 10.7 / 5310 / 5310 / 1810 / n.d. / 26.7 / n.d. / 747 / n.d. / 14700
DR% / 100 / 100 / 100 / 100 / 0 / 100 / 0 / 100 / 0 / -
Public places / range / <MQL-17.3 / 145-872 / 54.9-385 / 109-344 / n.d. / 3.48-46.2 / n.d. / 42.7-447 / n.d.-9.36 / 359-2120
n=8 / mean / 6.19 / 442 / 165 / 179 / n.d. / 13.2 / n.d. / 204 / <MQL / 1010
median / 2.69 / 409 / 155 / 170 / n.d. / 9.18 / n.d. / 185 / <MQL / 1030
DR% / 100 / 100 / 100 / 100 / 0 / 100 / 0 / 100 / 12.5 / -
Total / range / n.d.-54.1 / 8.13-13900 / 31.0-21400 / 19.1-8210 / n.d.-41.3 / 3.09-1200 / n.d.-14.8 / 42.7-1800 / n.d.-14.0 / 108-46600
n=60 / mean / 7.46 / 1550 / 1390 / 992 / <MQL / 80.8 / <MQL / 603 / <MQL / 4620
median / 5.24 / 288 / 370 / 427 / <MQL / 24.4 / <MQL / 465 / <MQL / 2070
DR% / 95 / 100 / 100 / 100 / 55 / 100 / 15 / 100 / 15 / -
n.d.: not detectable.DR%: detection rate. “<MQL”: below the method quantification limit (range: 1.5 to 6 µg/g for individual phthalate). ƩPHT: Total concentrations of nine phthalate diesters.
Table S4. Concentrations of phthalate diesters in vapor phase (ng/m3) in indoor air from Albany, New York, USA
DMP / DEP / DIBP / DBP / DNHP / BzBP / DCHP / DEHP / DOP / ƩPHT
Homes / range / 1.95-83.1 / 13.2-1630 / 1.50-80.0 / 1.09-111 / n.d. / 0.20-24.7 / n.d. / 2.98-132 / n.d. / 28.4-1740
n=20 / mean / 56.2 / 463 / 22.4 / 21.2 / n.d. / 6.22 / n.d. / 27.4 / n.d. / 557
median / 57.5 / 390 / 19.6 / 22.6 / n.d. / 2.99 / n.d. / 17.4 / n.d. / 515
DR% / 100 / 100 / 100 / 100 / 0 / 100 / 0 / 100 / 0 / -
Offices / range / 0.41-33.8 / 4.46-1010 / 1.64-20.7 / 1.36-36.4 / n.d.-2.30 / 0.57-17.4 / n.d. / 5.49-37.8 / n.d.-0.76 / 39.9-1090
n=7 / mean / 14.8 / 248 / 10.6 / 18.6 / <MQL / 5.97 / n.d. / 22.0 / 0.29 / 311
median / 21.5 / 11.9 / 9.82 / 17.0 / <MQL / 3.83 / n.d. / 10.8 / 0.15 / 74.0
DR% / 100 / 100 / 100 / 100 / 42.9 / 100 / 0 / 100 / 0 / -
Laboratories / range / 0.57-8.48 / 3.87-28.8 / 0.85-12.2 / 1.22-40.7 / n.d.-1.49 / 1.03-20.6 / n.d.-1.88 / 15.4-562 / n.d.-4.35 / 43.6-588
n=13 / mean / 4.53 / 12.5 / 4.76 / 8.86 / 0.37 / 5.81 / <MQL / 155 / 0.81 / 189
median / 4.87 / 10.4 / 2.62 / 4.35 / 0.19 / 3.15 / <MQL / 77.0 / 0.05 / 123
DR% / 100 / 100 / 100 / 100 / 69.2 / 100 / 23.1 / 100 / 38.5 / -
Schools / range / 6.67-25.9 / 9.39-280 / 8.32-67.7 / 4.41-33.4 / n.d. / 0.40-15.9 / n.d. / 2.65-72.8 / n.d.-1.36 / 59.6-481
n=6 / mean / 13.4 / 137 / 30.4 / 19.7 / n.d. / 9.3 / n.d. / 18.4 / <MQL / 221
median / 11.7 / 134 / 28.4 / 20.3 / n.d. / 8.6 / n.d. / 5.10 / <MQL / 205
DR% / 100 / 100 / 100 / 100 / 0 / 100 / 0 / 100 / 33.3 / -
Salons / range / 23.9-120 / 897-1940 / 37.3-802 / 33.1-1130 / n.d. / 0.94-26.0 / n.d. / 9.54-663 / n.d. / 1200-4080
n=6 / mean / 96.8 / 1450 / 303 / 473 / n.d. / 10.9 / n.d. / 195 / n.d. / 2500
median / 91.0 / 1480 / 151 / 315 / n.d. / 10.7 / n.d. / 43.1 / n.d. / 2130
DR% / 100 / 100 / 100 / 100 / 0 / 100 / 0 / 100 / 0 / -
Public places / range / 1.17-16.2 / 13.6-675 / 1.07-104 / 1.58-203 / n.d. / 0.70-17.2 / n.d. / 6.66-25.8 / n.d. / 50.4-959
n=8 / mean / 8.95 / 246 / 19.1 / 68.6 / n.d. / 4.42 / n.d. / 13.8 / n.d. / 361
median / 10.9 / 125 / 5.68 / 65.7 / n.d. / 3.72 / n.d. / 11.8 / n.d. / 221
DR% / 100 / 100 / 100 / 100 / 0 / 100 / 0 / 100 / 0 / -
Total / range / 0.41-120 / 3.87-1940 / 0.85-802 / 1.09-1130 / n.d.-1.49 / 0.20-26.0 / n.d.-1.88 / 2.65-663 / n.d.-4.35 / 28.4-4080
n=60 / mean / 15.5 / 377 / 45.7 / 69.6 / <MQL / 5.94 / <MQL / 68.3 / 0.24 / 582
median / 33.2 / 112 / 19.9 / 27.8 / <MQL / 3.33 / <MQL / 20.7 / <MQL / 259
DR% / 100 / 100 / 100 / 100 / 15 / 100 / 10 / 100 / 25 / -
n.d.: not detectable. DR%: detection rate.“<MQL”: below the method quantification limit (range: 0.1 to 0.45 ng/m3 for individual phthalate). ƩPHT: Total concentrations of nine phthalate diesters.

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