South Asian Journal ofEngineering and Technology Vol.6, No.1 (2018) 58–62
ISSN No: 2454-9614
TREATMENT OF TEXTILE WASTE WATER
USING PHOTOCATALYTIC REACTOR
T. Bragadeeswaran1, Mythili.T1,Lavanya.M2,Logapriya.M3,Kanimozhi.M4
i)Assistant Professor,Department of Civil Engineering,Nandha college of Technology,Erode.
Mail:
1,2,3,4) UG Scholars,Department of Civil Engineering,Nandha college of Technology,Erode.
Mail:Ma
Received: 26/11/2017, Revised: 3/1/2018 and Accepted: 15/4/2018
------
1.ABSTRACT
This work is to investigate experimentally the removal of color from textile wastewater by immobilized photo catalytic treatment, for its reuse in the same industry or for domestic purpose and irrigation. Now a day’s immobilized photo catalytic technique is used for the treatment of textile wastewater.Photo catalytic process is chose to treat the textile dye wastewater and reduce the contamination of the environment by the dye molecules.
Due to high photo catalytic activity and stability of titanium dioxide, it is generally used as a photo catalyst for the removal of organic compound. TiO2 was immobilized by dip-coating technique. When dip-coating technique is applied, the operating region shifted from UV to visible. Sol-gel technique has been taken as one of the adaptable methods for the preparation of metal dipped nanocrystaline TiO2. In this technique, the wavelength of the UV light and the amount of immobilized TiO2 were negligible. Photo catalytic oxidation of the combined UV/TiO2 catalyst excites the particles from the valance band to the conduction band having a for bidden energy zone value of 3.3eV. The free hydroxyl radicals produced due to this excitation removes the organic compounds present in the dye wastewater by degradation. In the present work investigation is done on the operating conditions of catalyst concentration 100mg/L, pH of above 8 and at room temperature.
2.INTRODUCTION
Textile industry can be classified into three categories viz., cotton, woolen, and synthetic fibers depending upon the used raw materials. The cotton textile industry is one of the oldest among industries, textile dyeing industry consumes large quantities of water and produces large volume of waste water from different steps in the dyeing and finishing processes. Wastewater from printing and dyeing units is often rich in color, containing residues of reactive dyes and chemicals, such as complex components, many aerosols, high COD and BOD concentration as well as much more hard-degradation
materials. The toxic effects of dyestuffs and other organic compounds, as well as acidic and alkaline contaminants, from industrial establishments on the general public are widely accepted. At present, the dyes are mainly aromatic and heterocyclic compounds, with color-display groups and polar groups. The structure is more complicated and stable, resulting in greater difficulty to degrade the printing and dyeing wastewater. According to recent statistics, India’s annual sewage has already reached 390 million tons, including 51% of industrial sewage, and it has been increasing with the rate of 1% every year. Each year about 70 billion tons of wastewater from textile and dyeing industry are produced and requires proper treatment before being released into the environment (State Environmental Protection Administration, 1994). Therefore, understanding and developing effective printing-dye industrial wastewater treatment technology is environmentally important.
3.TEXTILE DYEING WASTEWATER RISK
Discharged wastewater by some industries under uncontrolled and unsuitable conditions is causing significant environmental problems. The importance of the pollution control and treatment is undoubtedly the key factor in the human future. If a textile mill discharges the wastewater into the local environment without any treatment, it will cause a serious impact on natural water bodies and land in the surrounding area. High values of COD and BOD5, presence of particulate matter and sediments, and oil and grease in the effluent causes depletion of dissolved oxygen, which has an adverse effect on the aquatic ecological system.
Effluent from textile mills also contains chromium, which has a cumulative effect, and higher possibilities for entering into the food chain. Due to usage of dyes and chemicals, effluents are dark in color, which increases the turbidity of water body. This in turn hampers the photosynthesis process, causing alteration in the habitat.
4.DYE
Dye is a colored substance that has an affinity to the substrate to which it is being applied. The dye is generally applied in an aqueous solution, and requires a mordant to improve the fastness of the dye on the fiber.
Both dyes and pigments appear to be coloured because they absorb some wavelengths of light more than others. In contrast with a dye, a pigment generally is insoluble, and has no affinity for the substrate. Some dyes can be precipitated with an inert salt to produce a lake pigment, and based on the salt used they could be aluminum lake, calcium lake or barium lake pigments.
Dyed flax fibers have been found in the Republic of Georgia dated back in a prehistoric cave to 36,000 BP. Archaeological evidence shows that, particularly in India and Phoenicia, dyeing has been widely carried out for over 5000 years.
The dyes were obtained from animal, vegetable or mineral origin, with no or very little processing. So far the greatest source of dyes has been from the plant kingdom, notably roots, barriers, bark, leaves and wood, but only a few have ever been used on a commercial scale.
5.APPLICATION OF DYES
S .No / Group / Application1. / Direct / Cotton, Cellulosic and blended fibers
2. / Vat dyes / Cotton, Cellulosic and blended fibers
3. / Sulphur / Cotton, Cellulosic fiber
4. / Organic pigments / Cotton and blended fabric, paper
5. / Reactive / Cellulosic fiber and fabric
6. / Disperse dyes / Synthetic fibers
7. / Acid dyes / Wool, silk, paper, synthetic fibers, leather
8. / Azoic / Printing inks and pigments
9. / Basic / Silks, wool, cotton
6.CLASSIFICATION OF DYES ACCORDING TO CONSTITUTION
Nitro dyes, Nitroso dyes, Azo dyes, Stillene, Diphenyl Methane, Triarylmethane, Xanthene, Auidine, Quinoline, Methine, Thianole, Indomine, Azine, Oxazine, Thiazine Sulphur and Anthroquinone.
7.EFFECT OF DYES
- Effect On Water Bodies
- Effect On Land
- Effect On Aquatic Organisms
- Effect On Crops
- Effect On Micro Organisms
- Effect Of Dyes On Human And Animals
8.MECHANISM OF TIO2
TiO2 + hυ → e-CB + h+VB
TiO2 (OH●)+ H2O + H+ → TiO2 (OH●)+ H+
TiO2 (OH●)+ R → TiO2 (OH●)+RO + H- + e-
ZnO + hυ → e-CB + h+VB
Distribution of energy in bands
9.EXPERIMENT
10.DE-COLORIZATION EFFICIENCY
De-colorization efficiency (DE) was calculated from a mathematical equation adapted from measurements of de-colorization used before
(Absorbance)o – (Absorbance)t
DE = ------x 100
(Absorbance)o
Where,
(Absorbance)o = Absorbance before irradiation
(Absorbance)t = Absorbance at time t
To check the validity of the previous equation for used textile industrial wastewater, the photo degradation percentage of the dye was followed spectrophotometrically, by a comparison of the absorbance at specified interval of times, with a calibration curve accomplished by measuring the absorbance, at known wavelengths, with different concentrations of the dye solution.
11.WORK TO BE DONE IN PHASE-II
Initial reactor tests
Reactor operating problems
Reactor modifications
Operation optimization
Results on efficiency.
12.REFERENCE
1.Amrit Pal Toor, Anoop Verma, C.K.Jotshi, P. K.Bajpai, Vasundhara Singh “Photo catalytic degradation of Direct Yellow 12 dye using UV/TiO2 in a shallow pond slurry reactor”, Dyes and Pigments, Vol.68, pp. 53-60, (2006)
2.Anoop Verma, Poonam, Divya Dixit “Photocatalytic degradability of insecticide chlorpyritos over UV irradiated Titanium Dioxide in aqueous Phase” Int.Jr.of Envi.Sciences, Vol.3, No.2, ISSN:0976-4402, (2012)
3.C.Singara Vadivel, M.Vanitha and N.Balasubramanian “Photo and Electrocatalytic treatment of textile wastewater and its comparison” Jr.of Electrochemical Science and Technology Vol.3, No.1, 44-49, (2012)
4.Chhotu Ram, Ravi Kant Pareek and Varineder Singh “Photocatalytic degradation of textile dye by using TiO2 nanocatalyst” Int.Jr of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, 4(2), 82-88, ISSN:2249-3247, (2012)
5.E.Chatzisymeon, C.Petrou, D.Mantzavinos “Photocatalytic treatment of textile dye house effluents with simulated and natural solar light” Global NEST Journal, Vol.15, No.1, pp 21-28, (2013)
6.Falah H. Hussein and Thekra A. Abass “Photocatalytic treatment of textile industrial wastewater” Int.Jr.of Chem.Sci, 8(3), 1353-1364, (2010)
7.Harshal Nagpure, Vikram Banakar, Rahul Dhanda and Dr.K.S.Vani “Degradation of paper mill wastewater using batch (photocatalytic) reactor” Int.Jr.of Green Chemistry and Bioprocess, 2(3) ISSN:2277-7199, (2013)
8.Haque M. M., M. Muneer “TiO2 mediated photocatalytic degradation of a textile dye derivative, bromothymol blue, in aqueous suspensions”, Dyes and Pigments, Vol.75, pp. 443-448, (2007)
9.Jan Sima, Pavel Hasal “Photocatalytic degradation of textile dyes in a TiO2/UV system” Chemical Engineering Transactions, Vol.32, ISSN: 1974-9791, (2013)
10.Munesh, Swathi, R.S.Sindal and R.C.Meena “Degradation of Textile dye from aqueous solution by using MBIR DOWEX photocatalyst” Int.Jr.of Basic and Applied Chemical Sciences, ISSN:2277-2073, Vol.2, pp 23-30, (2012)
11.Manoj A.Lazar, Shaji Varghese and Santhosh.S Nair “Photocatalytic water treatment by TiO2 Recent updates” Catalysts (2), 572-601, ISSN:2073-4344, (2012)
12.Omprakash Shan, Karthikeyan.M.R “Reduction of textile dye by using heterogeneous photocatalysis” American Jr.of Environmental Protection, 2(3), 90-94, (2013)
13.R.C.Meena, Ram Badu Pachnwarya (2009), Vijay Kumar Meena and Shakuntla Arya (2009) “Degradation of textile dyes Ponceau-S and Sudan IV using recently developed photocatalyst, Immobilized resin Dowex-11” American Jr.of Environmental Sciences 5(3), 444-450, ISSN:1553-3457, (2009)
14.Rohini singh, A.D.Kulkarni (2012) “Application of immobilized photocatalyst for the degradation of Textile wastewater” Int.Jr.of Engineering Research and Applications, ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol.2, (2012)
1