Name:

Date:Per:

Topographic Maps and Erosion Notes

Topographic Maps- shows surface ______in an area

Contour Lines- connect points of ______elevation

 Closer together = ______, further apart, ______

 V-shaped pointing ______means there is a ______

 V-shaped pointing ______means there is a ______

Contour Interval- the change in ______between contour lines, always the ______in a map

Index Contours- contour lines that are ______with ______

Weathering- process that ______down ______into smaller pieces

Mechanical Weathering- rock is ______broken down into smaller pieces

Freezing and thawing, release of pressure, plant growth, animals

______- grinding by rock particles

Chemical Weathering- rock is ______down by ______changes

Creates ______or ______spots

Agents- ______- dissolves minerals

______- rocks with iron can rust (oxidize)

______- makes carbonic acid

Living Organisms- plants give off ______

Acid Rain- from burning ______

Rates

Type of ______- how quickly the ______dissolve, number of holes or ______

______- ______for mechanical weathering, high temps for chemical weathering

Erosion- process that ______weathered ______and ______

______- drop off or ______of eroded materials

______- material that is moved by erosion, includes rock, soil, remains of plants and animals

Agents of Erosion

Gravity- erosion by gravity is called ______

Examples are ______, mudflow, slump, and creep (______movement of materials ______)

Water Erosion

______- water that moves over Earth’s surface

Depends on ______, vegetation, type of ______, shape of ______, and how people use land

Starts as ______, then ______, then ______, then ______

River

Erosion features- waterfalls- ______rock wears away ______than ______rock

______- flat, wide area of land along a river

______- ______in a river

______Lakes- ______that has been cut off from a river

Deposition features

______- wide sloping deposits

Stream from mountain valley becomes ______and ______

______- deposits where river flows into an ______or ______, soil in flood plains

Rate

______- amount of ______in a river

Affected by ______and ______

Gradient- ______over a certain ______, slope

Discharge- ______of water ______in a given time

Streambed shape-

Straight- fastest in ______, deposits on ______

Curves- fastest on ______curve, deposits ______curve

Waves- continually break, ______and ______materials

Large storms with ______winds create more wave ______leading to more ______

Erosion by ______

______rock wears away ______than ______rock

Creates wave-cut cliff, headland, sea stack, sea cave, and sea arch

Deposition- sediment, usually ______, is deposited on ______, ______, and ______

Wind- generally occurs because there is no ______to hold down ______or ______

______wind speeds moves ______materials and ______materials

Processes- ______- Lifting and removal of fine sediment

______- Movement of sand-sized particles by skipping and bouncing in the wind’s direction

Abrasion- ______and ______down of rock surfaces by other ______or ______

Deposition at ______or ______

Glacial/Ice

______- Enormous mass of moving ______

Iceberg- Large piece of ______that breaks off a ______into ______

______- Process that forms ______

Ice Age- Times when ______areas of Earth’s surface were covered by ______

______glaciers move ______than ______glaciers

Glaciers with ______slopes move ______

Types of Glaciers

Continental Glaciers- covers ______, ______landscape by getting rid of existing landforms

Valley Glaciers- forms when ______and ______build up in mountain ______

•forms ______features in mountains such as the Rocky Mountain and Alps

______- Glacier picks up rocks as it moves

______of ice can ______apart rocks

Deposition is called ______

Stratified drift occurs when sediment is ______by ______flowing from melting ice

______deposits are ______glacial deposits

______forms when till builds up along a glacial ______

______is small ______that forms when ice ______