Unit IX 11.9abcd Cold War 1945-1990
Topic /Term Illustration Definition/Information
Cold War(1945-1990) / / Contest for international influence…USA vs USSR. Capitalism v Communism Propaganda, Militarism,Spies, “Iron Curtain”, NATO, SpaceRace, Threats, M.A.D., Wars, “The Wall”
Containment / / USA foreign policy goal to STOP the SPREAD of COMMUNISM. Foreign aid to Allied Nations in Europe, Asia, Latin America…NATO, American troops, and $$$
Truman Doctrine (1947) / $ / Foreign Aid toGreece + Turkey for Containment purposes
…stop the spread of Communism…
Marshall Plan (1947) / $ / Foreign Aid toWestern Europe for Containment purposes
…stop the spread of Communism…
Berlin Airlift (1948) / $ / Foreign Aid toWest Berlin for Containment purposes
…stop the spread of Communism…
McCarthyism (1950’s) / / RED SCARE…Senator Joe McCarthy uses reckless (false) allegations of spying / treason to cause greater Cold War fear “Witch-hunting” for spies
Korean War (1950-1953) / / USA fights war to a stalemate. United Nations involved…
Containment purposes/motive North / South Korea divided
Vietnam War (1954-1975) / / USA fights an unpopular war for Containment purposes
…stop the spread of Communism…North / South Vietnam were divided 20 yrs
Sputnik
1957 / / USSR success in Space Race causes more Cold War fears…
…USA technology must improve = urgent response…
National Education Defense Act 1957 / / USA law supports advanced Math + Science Education
…must win the Space Race… must develop better weapons
Eisenhower
Interstate Highway Act 1957 / / USA will build Superhighways
…helps USA economy grow…
More Suburbs / Evacuation Routes
Bay of Pigs (1961) / / USA plan to overthrow Fidel Castro + Cuban Communists
…a failed attempt to stop the spread of Communism…
Berlin Wall
(1961-1989) / / USSR builds a WALL to divide East + West Germans
…Wall = Communism symbol of oppression / tyranny
Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) / / President JFK naval blockade of Cuba succeeds in having the USSR withdraw nuclear missiles
…Results in later diplomacy …Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, S.A.L.T., S.T.A.R.T
Détente
1970s-1980s / / USA diplomacy 1970s-1980s Nixon-Ford-Carter-Reagan…
Negotiating PEACE w/ USSR
Watergate Scandal
1973-1974 / / President Nixon scandal of Election tampering / cover-up
…Nixon loses Supreme Court decisions and resigns looking very dishonest / guilty…
War Powers Act (1973) / / Congress asserts “war power” law to reclaim power from
US Presidents who mishandled “Commander-in-chief” role
Camp David Accords (1977) / / President Carter negotiates Peace accord between Israel and Egypt…
Iranian Hostage Crisis (1979-1981) / / 444 days 51 Americans held hostage by Iranians…America unable to stop Middle East radicals from terrorizing
Strategic Arms Reduction Treaties
S.T.A.R.T I + II
1980s-present / / USA negotiates with USSR (later RUSSIA)
…to reduce Nuclear Arms…
COLD WAR ends
U.S.S.R. dissolves
RUSSIA remains
1989-1991 / / USSR splits up into 15 nations
…Communism rejectedin theformer “Iron Curtain” nations European people are suddenly
“Rockin’ in the Free World!”