COMPLETION
1.______is the capacity of the earth’s natural systems and human cultural systems to survive, flourish, and adapt to changing environmental conditions indefinitely.
ANS:Sustainability
PTS:1DIF:Easy
TOP:1-0 Core Case Study - Environmental Problems, Their Causes, and Sustainability
2.Our lives and economies depend on energy from ______and natural resources and natural services provided by the earth.
ANS:the sun
PTS:1DIF:EasyTOP:1-1 What Are Three Principles of Sustainability?
3.Natural Capital equals ______plus ______.
ANS:natural resources, natural services
PTS:1DIF:Moderate
TOP:Figure 1-14 | 1-1 What Are Three Principles of Sustainability?
4.The circulation of chemicals necessary for life, from the environment through organisms and back to the environment, is called ______.
ANS:nutrient cycling
PTS:1DIF:EasyTOP:1-1 What Are Three Principles of Sustainability?
5.Changes in a country's economic growth per person are measured by ______.
ANS:per capita GDP
PTS:1DIF:EasyTOP:1-1 What Are Three Principles of Sustainability?
6.Some of the world’s countries are called low-income, ______-______countries, and include Congo, Haiti, Nigeria, and Nicaragua.
ANS:least-developed
PTS:1DIF:DifficultTOP:1-1 What Are Three Principles of Sustainability?
7.A resource such as solar energy, that is constantly available, is called a(n) ______.
ANS:perpetual resource
PTS:1DIF:EasyTOP:1-1 What Are Three Principles of Sustainability?
8.Fish, fresh air, forests, and fertile soil are examples of ______.
ANS:renewable resources
PTS:1DIF:EasyTOP:1-1 What Are Three Principles of Sustainability?
9.Old drink bottles that are collected, washed, and refilled are an example of ______.
ANS:reuse
PTS:1DIF:EasyTOP:1-1 What Are Three Principles of Sustainability?
10.______is the amount of biologically productive land and water needed to supply the people in a particular country or area with an indefinite supply of renewable resources and to absorb and recycle the wastes and pollution produced by such resource use.
ANS:Ecological footprint
PTS:1DIF:Easy
TOP:1-2 How Are Our Ecological Footprints Affecting the Earth?
11.Approximately one-third of all land in the US is jointly owned by all US citizens and managed for them by the government. This type of property is called ______and is often degraded.
ANS:common property
PTS:1DIF:Moderate
TOP:1-2 How Are Our Ecological Footprints Affecting the Earth?
12.Environmental degradation, also known as ______is the process of wasting, depleting, and degrading the earth’s natural capital at an accelerating rate.
ANS:natural capital degradation
PTS:1DIF:Moderate
TOP:1-2 How Are Our Ecological Footprints Affecting the Earth?
13.The exhaust pipe of an automobile or the smokestack of a coal-burning powerplant are examples of ______sources.
ANS:point
PTS:1DIF:Easy
TOP:1-2 How Are Our Ecological Footprints Affecting the Earth?
14.One way of dealing with pollution is to clean up pollutants after we have produced them, which is called ______.
ANS:output pollution control
PTS:1DIF:Moderate
TOP:1-2 How Are Our Ecological Footprints Affecting the Earth?
15.If everyone consumed as much as the average American does today, the earth could indefinitely support only about ______of the currently 6.9 billion people.
ANS:1.3 billion
PTS:1DIF:Moderate
TOP:1-2 How Are Our Ecological Footprints Affecting the Earth?
16.IPAT is a simple way of looking at how three factors influence the impact humans have on the environment. The formula is Impact = Population (P) x ______x Technology (T).
ANS:Affluence
PTS:1DIF:Moderate
TOP:1-2 How Are Our Ecological Footprints Affecting the Earth?
17.______is the world's leading consumer of wheat, rice, meat, coal, fertilizers, steel, and cement.
ANS:China
PTS:1DIF:Easy
TOP:1-2 How Are Our Ecological Footprints Affecting the Earth?
18.An often irreversible shift in the behavior of a natural system is caused when an environmental problem builds slowly until it reaches an ______.
ANS:ecological tipping point
PTS:1DIF:Moderate
TOP:1-2 How Are Our Ecological Footprints Affecting the Earth?
19.Your ______is a set of assumptions and values reflecting how you think the world works and what you think your role in the world should be.
ANS:environmental worldview
PTS:1DIF:EasyTOP:1-3 Why Do We Have Environmental Problems?
COMPLETION
1.Poverty is defined as having an income of less than $2.25 per day, while extreme poverty is having to live on less than $______per day.
ANS:1.25
PTS:1DIF:Moderate
TOP:23-0 Core Case Study Muhammad Yunus and Microloans for the Poor
2.Three types of capital are used to produce goods and services, including: ______capital; ______capital; and ______capital.
ANS:natural, human, manufactured
PTS:1DIF:Difficult
TOP:23-1 How Are Economic Systems Related to the Biosphere?
3.In a truly free-market economic system, all economic decisions are governed solely by the competitive interaction of ______, ______, and ______.
ANS:demand; supply; price
PTS:1DIF:Moderate
TOP:23-1 How Are Economic Systems Related to the Biosphere?
4.Experience shows markets cannot be relied upon to provide adequate levels of ______.
ANS:public services
PTS:1DIF:Moderate
TOP:23-1 How Are Economic Systems Related to the Biosphere?
5.Ecological economists and ______view economic systems as subsystems of the biosphere.
ANS:environmental economists
PTS:1DIF:Easy
TOP:23-1 How Are Economic Systems Related to the Biosphere?
6.______economists view the earth’s natural capital as a subset or part of a human economic system.
ANS:Neoclassical
PTS:1DIF:Moderate
TOP:23-1 How Are Economic Systems Related to the Biosphere?
7.______is the inclusion of the harmful environmental and health effects of producing economic goods and services in the market prices.
ANS:Full-cost pricing
PTS:1DIF:Difficult
TOP:23-1 How Are Economic Systems Related to the Biosphere?
8.A ______is the willingness of people to pay to protect some forms of natural capital to be used by future generations.
ANS:
bequest value
option value
PTS:1DIF:Moderate
TOP:23-2 How Can We Put Values on Natural Capital, Pollution Control, and Resource Use?
9.A monetary value placed on a forest, species, or part of nature because of its beauty is called a(n) ______.
ANS:aesthetic value
PTS:1DIF:Easy
TOP:23-2 How Can We Put Values on Natural Capital, Pollution Control, and Resource Use?
10.Comparing estimated costs and benefits for actions such as implementing a pollution control regulation is called a(n) ______.
ANS:cost-benefit analysis
PTS:1DIF:Moderate
TOP:23-2 How Can We Put Values on Natural Capital, Pollution Control, and Resource Use?
11.The annual economic value of all goods and services produced within a country, regardless of whether they are beneficial or harmful, is the ______.
ANS:
gross domestic product
GDP
PTS:1DIF:Moderate
TOP:23-3 How Can We Use Economic Tools to Deal with Environmental Problems?
12.One idea for reducing pollution and resource waste is to shift from the current material-flow economy to a(n) ______.
ANS:service-flow economy.
PTS:1DIF:Moderate
TOP:23-3 How Can We Use Economic Tools to Deal with Environmental Problems?
13.In order to implement ______, governments should reduce income or payroll taxes and enforce a safety net for poor and middle class citizens.
ANS:green taxes
PTS:1DIF:Moderate
TOP:23-3 How Can We Use Economic Tools to Deal with Environmental Problems?
14.The coal industry spent $45 million on an ad campaign to plant the phrase “clean coal” in the minds of Americans even though coal remains a dirty fossil fuel. This is an example of a practice known as ______.
ANS:greenwashing
PTS:1DIF:Moderate
TOP:23-3 How Can We Use Economic Tools to Deal with Environmental Problems?
15.Environmentalists think that ______can encourage companies to develop green products and processes that can create jobs and increase company profits.
ANS:innovation-friendly regulations
PTS:1DIF:Difficult
TOP:23-3 How Can We Use Economic Tools to Deal with Environmental Problems?
16.Japan, France, and Belgium have phased out all ______and Germany plans to do so by 2018..
ANS:coal subsidies
PTS:1DIF:Moderate
TOP:23-3 How Can We Use Economic Tools to Deal with Environmental Problems?
17.Since 1960, most of the benefits of global economic growth have been flooding up to the ______rather than trickling down to the ______.
ANS:rich, workers
PTS:1DIF:Difficult
TOP:23-4 How Can Reducing Poverty Help Us to Deal with Environmental Problems?
18.______has numerous harmful health and environmental effects and reducing it would benefit individuals, economies, and the environment.
ANS:Poverty
PTS:1DIF:Easy
TOP:23-4 How Can Reducing Poverty Help Us to Deal with Environmental Problems?
19.As more high-throughput economies develop, resource consumption will ______the capacity of the environment to provide sufficient renewable resources.
ANS:exceed
PTS:1DIF:Easy
TOP:23-5 How Can We Make the Transition to More Environmentally Sustainable Economies?
20.For decades, the emphasis has been to ______economic production, often at the expense of local jobs.
ANS:globalize
PTS:1DIF:Moderate
TOP:23-5 How Can We Make the Transition to More Environmentally Sustainable Economies?
21.Donella Meadows contrasted the beliefs of neoclassical economists and ecological economists this way: "Economics discounts the futureThe earth says: Never ______in your generation than you ______to the next."
ANS:take more; give back
PTS:1DIF:Difficult
TOP:23-5 How Can We Make the Transition to More Environmentally Sustainable Economies?
22.We can live more sustainably by using and wasting less matter and energy; reusing, recycling, or composting most matter resources; and controlling ______.
ANS:human population growth
PTS:1DIF:Difficult
TOP:23-5 How Can We Make the Transition to More Environmentally Sustainable Economies?
COMPLETION
1.According to Denis Hayes, “Democracy works when ______are paying attention to the ______.
ANS:people, facts
PTS:1DIF:moderateTOP:24-0 Core Case Study
2.The exact role played by a government is determined by its ______.
ANS:policies
PTS:1DIF:Easy
TOP:24-1 What Is the Role of Government in Making the Transition to More Sustainable Societies?
3.One of our greatest challenges is to place more emphasis on ______thinking.
ANS:long-term
PTS:1DIF:Easy
TOP:24-1 What Is the Role of Government in Making the Transition to More Sustainable Societies?
4.Groups that advocate passing laws favorable to their causes and repealing laws unfavorable to their positions are called ______.
ANS:special-interest groups
PTS:1DIF:Easy
TOP:24-1 What Is the Role of Government in Making the Transition to More Sustainable Societies?
5.Using government subsidies to pay for inefficient energy alternatives is a violation of the ______principle.
ANS:net energy
PTS:1DIF:Moderate
TOP:24-1 What Is the Role of Government in Making the Transition to More Sustainable Societies?
6.Decisions made by various courts make up a body of law known as ______.
ANS:case law
PTS:1DIF:ModerateTOP:24-2 How Is Environmental Policy Made?
7.______is an important process, in which individuals or groups use public pressure, personal contacts, and political action to persuade legislators to vote in their favor.
ANS:Lobbying
PTS:1DIF:EasyTOP:24-2 How Is Environmental Policy Made?
8.Adopting a(n) ______is the most important and controversial activity of the executive and legislative branches of government.
ANS:budget
PTS:1DIF:ModerateTOP:24-2 How Is Environmental Policy Made?
9.At a fundamental level, all politics is ______.
ANS:local
PTS:1DIF:EasyTOP:24-2 How Is Environmental Policy Made?
10.The legal concept of ______occurs when people use their property in a way that causes annoyance or injury to others.
ANS:nuisance
PTS:1DIF:Moderate
TOP:24-3 What Is the Role of Environmental Law in Dealing with Environmental Problems?
11.Common law cases may involve ______, in which a party causes damage by knowingly acting in an unlawful or unreasonable manner.
ANS:negligence
PTS:1DIF:Moderate
TOP:24-3 What Is the Role of Environmental Law in Dealing with Environmental Problems?
12.______is a formal effort, somewhat similar to a trial, to resolve a dispute.
ANS:Arbitration
PTS:1DIF:Moderate
TOP:24-3 What Is the Role of Environmental Law in Dealing with Environmental Problems?
13.Less than ______% of the U.S. public considers the environment to be one of the nation's most pressing problems.
ANS:10
PTS:1DIF:Moderate
TOP:24-3 What Is the Role of Environmental Law in Dealing with Environmental Problems?
14.More than ______% of the U.S. public strongly supports environment laws and regulations and does not want them weakened.
ANS:80
PTS:1DIF:Moderate
TOP:24-3 What Is the Role of Environmental Law in Dealing with Environmental Problems?
15.Recreation, hunting, and fishing in national forests add ten times ______money to the national economy than does extraction of timber and other resources.
ANS:more
PTS:1DIF:Easy
TOP:Science Focus: Logging in U.S. National Forests Is Controversial
16.One of the most important trends influencing environmental decisions and policies is the growing influence of ______.
ANS:
non-governmental organizations
NGOs
PTS:1DIF:Moderate
TOP:24-4 What Are the Major Roles of Environmental Groups?
17.NGOs working together worldwide serve as an emerging citizen-based ______.
ANS:global sustainability movement
PTS:1DIF:Difficult
TOP:24-4 What Are the Major Roles of Environmental Groups?
18.Many environmental groups on college campuses have made ______of their campuses, gathering data on practices affecting the environment.
ANS:environmental audits
PTS:1DIF:Moderate
TOP:24-4 What Are the Major Roles of Environmental Groups?
19.Environmental security is as important as military and economic security because all ______are supported by the earth's natural capital.
ANS:economies
PTS:1DIF:Moderate
TOP:24-5 How Can We Improve Global Environmental Security?
20.Scarcity of resources can be correlated to the spread of civil violence and dysfunction in government, which can cause countries to become ______.
ANS:failed states
PTS:1DIF:Moderate
TOP:24-5 How Can We Improve Global Environmental Security?
21.Many experts point out that ______security, ______security, and ______security are interrelated.
ANS:environmental, economic, national
PTS:1DIF:Difficult
TOP:24-5 How Can We Improve Global Environmental Security?
22.Protocols for protecting the ______are the most successful examples of the global community working together to solve environmental problems.
ANS:ozone layers
PTS:1DIF:Moderate
TOP:24-5 How Can We Improve Global Environmental Security?
23.Countries such as the Netherlands and New Zealand are involved in ______, the creation of long-term environmental strategies.
ANS:green planning
PTS:1DIF:Moderate
TOP:24-6 How Can We Implement More Sustainable and Just Environmental Policies?
24.A study of nature reveals that all parts of the ______are ecologically interdependent.
ANS:biosphere
PTS:1DIF:Easy
TOP:24-6 How Can We Implement More Sustainable and Just Environmental Policies?
COMPLETION
1.The Biosphere 2 experiment failed to maintain ______for eight people for two years.
ANS:life-support systems
PTS:1DIF:ModerateTOP:25-0 Core Case Study
2.An ______is how people think the world works and what they believe their role in it should be.
ANS:environmental worldview
PTS:1DIF:Moderate
TOP:25-1 What Are Some Major Environmental Worldviews?
3.In the planetary management worldview, the potential for economic growth is ______.
ANS:unlimited
PTS:1DIF:EasyTOP:Figure 25-2 Environmental Worldviews
4.The stewardship worldview holds that as we use natural capital we are ______from future generations.
ANS:borrowing
PTS:1DIF:Easy
TOP:25-1 What Are Some Major Environmental Worldviews?
5.The ______worldview is devoted to preserving the earth's biodiversity and life systems for now and in the future.
ANS:earth-centered
PTS:1DIF:Moderate
TOP:25-1 What Are Some Major Environmental Worldviews?
6.The ______worldview suggests humans are separate from the rest of nature and can manage nature to meet our increasing needs and wants.
ANS:planetary management
PTS:1DIF:Moderate
TOP:25-1 What Are Some Major Environmental Worldviews?
7.The concept that we have an ethical responsibility to be caring and responsible managers of the earth is associated with the ______worldview.
ANS:stewardship
PTS:1DIF:Moderate
TOP:25-1 What Are Some Major Environmental Worldviews?
8.Our ecological footprints ______the earth’s estimated ecological capacity.
ANS:exceed
PTS:1DIF:Moderate
TOP:25-2 What Is the Role of Education in Living More Sustainably?
9.Earth-focused philosophers say that to be rooted, each of us needs to find a(n) ______.
ANS:sense of place
PTS:1DIF:Moderate
TOP:25-2 What Is the Role of Education in Living More Sustainably?
10.Some affluent people in more-developed countries have adopted a lifestyle of ______, in which they seek to live with much less than they are accustomed to having.
ANS:voluntary simplicity
PTS:1DIF:EasyTOP:25-3 How Can We Live More Sustainably?
11.Some analysts suggest that for some people acquiring more and more goods should be treated as an ______.
ANS:addiction
PTS:1DIF:EasyTOP:25-3 How Can We Live More Sustainably?
12.Environmental leaders say it is time for an ______to change the way we treat the earth.
ANS:
environmental revolution
sustainability revolution
PTS:1DIF:ModerateTOP:25-3 How Can We Live More Sustainably?
13.Research suggests we need only convince ______% of the people in a country or in the world to bring about major social change.
ANS:510
PTS:1DIF:ModerateTOP:25-3 How Can We Live More Sustainably?