Periodicity Graphs

We are now going to make a graph to show the periodic trends of elements. Graphs like these were essential to the development of the modern periodic table. We are going to graph atomic radii vs. atomic number, and we are going to graph ionization energy vs. atomic number and superimpose the graphs on top of each other. Atomic number will be on the x-axis. When you have completed your graph label the 1st period elements, 2nd period elements, 3rd period elements and 4th period elements. Then label which are in s, p, and d orbitals.

In order to receive full credit all graphs need to include a title and labels. You maygraph this by hand if you wish. If you do you must use as much of the graph paper as possible. Your x-axis will be atomic number. Your left y-axis will be atomic radius, and on the right side your y-axis will be ionization energy. To scale your graph determine your highest value and divide by the number of lines. Always round up to a reasonable number.

To graph using Excel 2003 follow the instructions below.

  1. Open up Excel
  2. Type the data—"Atomic Number" in cell A1 (top left hand corner) The data you type appears in the active cell and formula bar.
  3. To enter the data and move up and down from one cell to another press "enter" on the keyboard or use the arrow keys.
  4. In cells A2-A37, type in the atomic number values from your data table.
  5. Move the mouse to Column B type "Atomic Radius (pm)".
  6. Enter the data for atomic radius in cells B2-B37
  7. Go to Column C type "Ionization Energy (kJ)".
  8. Enter the data for ionization energy in cells C2-C37.
  9. Select the cells containing the data you want to graph or chart. In this case select Column A, B, & C, rows 1-37. Note: To select the data by putting the mouse on Column #1 press the left button and hold. Drag the mouse over to Column C then down to Row 37.
  10. Move the mouse to the "ChartWizard" symbol in the tool bar. It looks like a bar graph.
  11. Click and press the left button.
  12. Move the mouse to "Custom Type" , then left Click
  13. Arrow down under "Chart Type" to "Line-Column 2 Axes" highlight (click on this line)
  14. Click "Next". Click in the line "Chart Title" Type "Periodic Trends”.
  15. Click in the line "Category(X)Axis" Type "Atomic Number"
  16. Click in the line "Value Y Axis" Type "Atomic Radius (pm)"
  17. Click in the line "Second Value Y Axis" Type "Ionization Energy (kJ)"
  18. Click Next. Select“As new sheet”. Click Finish.
  19. Print your graph and label the periods and orbitals on your graph by hand.

Symbol / Atomic Number / Atomic Radius (pm) / Symbol / Atomic Number / Atomic Radius (pm) / Symbol / Atomic Number / Atomic Radius (pm)
H / 1 / 37 / Al / 13 / 130 / Mn / 25 / 139
He / 2 / 32 / Si / 14 / 118 / Fe / 26 / 125
Li / 3 / 134 / P / 15 / 110 / Co / 27 / 126
Be / 4 / 125 / S / 16 / 102 / Ni / 28 / 118
B / 5 / 90 / Cl / 17 / 99 / Cu / 29 / 117
C / 6 / 77 / Ar / 18 / 97 / Zn / 30 / 120
N / 7 / 75 / K / 19 / 196 / Ga / 31 / 120
O / 8 / 73 / Ca / 20 / 174 / Ge / 32 / 122
F / 9 / 71 / Sc / 21 / 144 / As / 33 / 122
Ne / 10 / 69 / Ti / 22 / 132 / Se / 34 / 117
Na / 11 / 154 / V / 23 / 122 / Br / 35 / 114
Mg / 12 / 145 / Cr / 24 / 118 / Kr / 36 / 110
1314
H
2.1 / Ionization Energies and
Electronegativites / 2368
He
--
519
Li
1.0 / 900
Be
1.5 / 799
B
2.0 / 1088
C
2.5 / 1401
N
3.0 / 1036
O
3.5 / 1682
F
4.0 / 2076
Ne
--
498
Na
0.9 / 736
Mg
1.2 / 578
Al
1.5 / 787
Si
1.8 / 1063
P
2.1 / 1000
S
2.5 / 1256
Cl
3.0 / 1519
Ar
--
418
K
0.8 / 590
Ca
1.0 / 632
Sc
1.3 / 661
Ti
1.5 / 649
V
1.6 / 653
Cr
1.6 / 716
Mn
1.5 / 762
Fe
1.8 / 757
Co
1.8 / 736
Ni
1.8 / 745
Cu
1.9 / 904
Zn
1.6 / 578
Ga
1.6 / 782
Ge
1.8 / 1013
As
2.0 / 942
Se
2.4 / 1142
Br
2.8 / 1352
Kr
--
402
Rb
0.8 / 548
Sr
1.0 / 636
Y
1.2 / 670
Zr
1.4 / 653
Nb
1.5 / 695
Mo
1.8 / 720
Tc
1.9 / 724
Ru
2.2 / 745
Rh
2.2 / 804
Pd
2.2 / 728
Ag
1.9 / 866
Cd
1.7 / 557
In
1.7 / 707
Sn
1.8 / 833
Sb
1.9 / 870
Te
2.1 / 1008
I
2.5 / 1172
Xe
--
377
Cs
0.7 / 502
Ba
0.9 / 540
La
1.1 / 531
Hf
1.3 / 586
Ta
1.5 / 770
W
1.7 / 757
Re
1.9 / 841
Os
2.2 / 887
Ir
2.2 / 862
Pt
2.2 / 887
Au
2.4 / 1008
Hg
1.9 / 590
Tl
1.8 / 716
Pb
1.8 / 770
Bi
1.9 / 820
Po
2.0 / --
At
2.2 / 1038
Rn
--
--
Fr
0.7 / 510
Ra
0.9 / 678
Ac
1.1 / --
Ku
--
1008 - Ionization
energy
C - symbol
2.5 - electro-
negativity / 665
Ce
1.1 / 557
Pr
1.1 / 607
Nd
1.1 / --
Pm
1.1 / 540
Sm
1.1 / 548
Eu
1.1 / 594
Gd
1.1 / 649
Tb
1.1 / 657
Dy
1.1 / --
Ho
1.1 / --
Er
1.1 / --
Tm
1.1 / 598
Yb
1.1 / 481
Lu
1.2
--
Th
1.3 / --
Pa
1.5 / 385
U
1.7 / --
Np
1.3 / --
Pu
1.3 / --
Am
1.3 / --
Cm
1.3 / --
Bk
1.3 / --
Cf
1.3 / --
Es
1.3 / --
Fm
1.3 / --
Md
1.3 / --
No
1.3 / --
Lr
--

IONIZATION ENERGY IS THE TOP NUMBER IN (kJ)