TITLE IN CAPS AND BOLD, SPACE BEFORE 0 PTS AND AFTER 24 PTS AND ALIGNED ON LEFT, FONT TIMES NEW ROMAN 14 PTS
First Author & Second Author
Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä
Abstract
The report must have an English abstract. In abstract you define shortly the aim of the study and how it has been carried out. Main findings are also reported here as well as the conclusion. The abstract can be quite short, in this report preferably not more than 5 lines. Font is Times New Roman 10 pts. Abstract is only one paragraph.
Key words: list 3-6 essential words or terms
1. MAIN TITLES IN BOLD AND CAPS, FONT SIZE 12
This is the text, font size is 12. After the title space is 0 pts, but before it 24 points and line spacing 1 everywhere. Margins are 2,5 cmeverywhere. It is easiest if you use this document to write your report, or another easy way for formatting text is to use Format > Paragraph options. Number all titles.
Leave a space of 6 pts before the text paragraphs. Alignment is justified. Do not number pages. When you mention any species for the first time you have to include the scientific name which is written in italics, e.g. brown trout (Salmo trutta), or alternatively brown trout, Salmo trutta. When mentioning another species of the same family, only the first letter of the family is given, e.g. Atlantic salmon (S. salar).
Main titles in a general research report should be: Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion. In WETA601 report titles can be selected freely.
1.1. Subtitles are in bold but not in capital letters
Subtitles are not necessary in this report. After the subtitles space is 0 points, but before 12 points. Try to include at least 1-2 figures or tables in the text. You have to refer to them in the text. Your work should be at least about 4 pages long but there is no upper limit.
All the references listed in the reference list must be cited in the text and all references cited must be in the reference list. Table headings are on top of the table and figure legends are below the figure. Do not copy text directly from any source: make sure you understand what plagiarism means, e.g. .
Table 1. For table headings use font size 11. Table headings are always above the table. Line spacing is 1 and space is 12 pts before and after the text. Remember to be explicit withthe captions; the reader should understand the meaning of the table just by reading the table heading. The second etc. row should be hanging (1cm). Never use vertical lines in tables. Horizontal lines are on the top and bottom of the table as well as under the title line. The uppermost and lowermost horizontal lines should be bold (1½ pt).
Species / Constant / A / B / R2 / nOncorhynchus mykiss / 768.47 / -62.7 / -124.9 / 0.873 / 104
Salmo trutta / 845.87 / -80.73 / -130.19 / 0.839 / 96
Perca fluviatilis / 2622.44 / -409.79 / -319 / 0.721 / 96
Figure 1. Formatting as in table headings except that figure headings are always under the figure. Axis titles are written in bold and the units are in parentheses. If there are several figures of the same type or issue they can be grouped into one figure and each labeled on the upper left corner with a lower case latter (a, b, c …). Space after the heading is 12 pts.
2. USING REFERENCES IN TEXT
Always when using the information from the other sources the source must be mentioned. When there are more than two authors you just include the first author and et al., e.g.: Virtanen et al. (1989) noticed that cows cannot fly, or alternatively, It has been reported that cows cannot fly (Virtanen et al. 1989). When there are two authors they are separated by “and”, e.g. Virtanen and Ruohonen (2003).When referring to more than one publication, separate them with a comma and arrange them using the following keys:(i) year of publication (ascending) and (b)alphabetical order for the same year of publication. Example: (Mihok et al. 1985, Manly 1986, Virtanen 1986). Avoid using too much information from the internet, the weight should be on peer-reviewed information or books.
REFERENCES(space after is 6 points, before 12 points, do not number the title)
Line spacing is 1. The second line should be hanging 1cm. No pace is left between references. Font size is 11. Use writing instructions for references and citations from BER, where are several examples of citations. Below are a few typical examples. Only use official abbreviation for the journals asinScientific Citations Index orISI journal title abbreviations, and write them in italics. The list must be in alphabetical order. Pay special attention to punctuation.
Anonymous 2006. Kala- ja rapuistutukset. Riista- ja kalatalouden tutkimuslaitos. . Search date 20.12.06. (this is and example of an internet article without an author)
Manly B.F.J. 1986. Multivariate statistical methods. Chapman & Hall, London. (this is an example of a book; note: book name in italics)
Mihok S., Schwartz B. & Iverson S.L. 1985. Ecology of red-backed voles Clethrionomys gapperi) in a gradient of gamma radiation. Ann. Zool. Fennici 22: 257-271. (this is an example of a journal article; note: journal name abbreviated and in italics)
Piironen J. 2006 Pielisjoen emokalapyynnistä ennätysmäärä lohia. Riista- ja kalatalouden tutkimuslaitos. . Search date 20.12.06 (this is an example of an internet article where the author is mentioned)
Tamminen P. & Starr M. 1990. A survey of forest soil properties related to soil acidification in Southern Finland. In: Kauppi P., Anttila P. & Kenttämies K. (eds.), Acidification in Finland, Springer, Berlin, 237-251. (this is an example of an article in an edited book; note: book name in italics, page numbers of the chapter given)