Chapter 21
21.1 Factors That Affect Climate
- Latitude (increasing latitude = ______)
- Elevation (increasing elevation = ______)
- Topography (______of mountains)
- Water Bodies (______temperatures)
- Atmospheric Circulation (______winds)
- Vegetation (______temperatures)
As latitude increases, the intensity of ______.
What are the latitude locations for:
The tropical zone ______and the temperate zones ______
Polar zones are between ______
The higher the elevation is, ______
Topographic features such as ______in the amount of precipitation that falls over an area.
DRAW RAIN SHADOW EFFECT
______bodies of water - temperature of the water the temperature of the air above it. - Pacific Ocean (greatest on planet)
Global winds
- distribute heat/moisture around Earth.
(Trade, Westerlies, Easterlies)
______affects precipitation and temperature ______ ______
How does latitude affect climate? ______
21.2. World Climates
The ______climate classification system uses mean monthly and annual ______ to classify climates.
Write one or two things for each:
•Humid Tropical (Wet Tropics and Tropical wet and dry) ______
•Humid Mid-Latitude (Humid Subtropical and Marine west coast, and Dry summer subtropical) ______
•Humid Mid-Latitude (Humid Continental and Subarctic/Taiga) ______
•Dry (Steppe or Semiarid and Desert or Arid) ______
•Polar (Tundra and Ice Cap) ______
Based on this map, in which type of climate do we live? ______
21.3 Climate Changes Natural Processes That Change Climates
Volcanic Eruptions
The presence of ______(ash, dust, and sulfur-based aerosols) in the air ______the amount of solar radiation that is ______back into space. This causes Earth’s lower atmosphere to ______
Ocean Circulation
Changes in ocean circulation also can result in short-term climate fluctuations.
Example – Warm Gulf Stream from South Atlantic to North Atlantic warms Europe
Solar Activity
When the sun is most active, it contains dark blemishes called _
The formation of sunspots appears to correspond ______periods in Europe and North America.
Earth Motions
Changes in the shape of Earth’s ______of Earth on its axis are other Earth motions that affect global climates (Milankovitch’s Theory).
What is The Milankovitch Theory? What 3 Elements make it up?
Human Impact on Climate Changes
The greenhouse effect is a ______warming of both Earth’s ______atmosphere and Earth’s surface from solar radiation being absorbed and emitted by the atmosphere.
Draw a Picture of the Greenhouse Effect
Global Warming - As a result of increased levels of ______and other greenhouse gases, global temperatures have increased. This increase is called ______.
How much is natural?
How much is caused by HUMANS? ______
What can we do to reduce global warming? ______
What do the graphs show us? ______
In a feedback loop, the rising temperature on the Earth changes the environment in ways that then create even more heat. Scientists ______to civilization from global warming.
Past a certain point -- the ______, they say -- there may be no stopping the changes.
Describe 4 natural processes that can cause climate change.
What is global warming? (and DON’T JUST SAY it’s the warming of the earth/globe!!!) How might global warming affect Earth’s inhabitants?