January 22, 2013
“A Republican Takes Office”
Thomas Jefferson was elected as the 3rd President of the USA.
Special Things TJ did as President
- Sent Lewis and Clark to explore Louisiana
- He bought Louisiana from France for $10 M
- Strengthened the US Supreme Court, raised number of justices.
- Cut out the Alien and Sedition Acts
- Marbury vs. Madison, gave the US Supreme Court power to determine if laws constitutional or not
- Set up a free market which created competition among businesses
- The British began to seize American sailors and ships
- The US began to trade with China for the first time EVER
- He banned trade (embargo) with France and Britain
- The US had conflicts with Native Americans
- Congress declares war on Britain
- The War of 1812 took place which is considered to be America’s second fight for independence from Britain
Jefferson believed the most power lied with the ordinary people like farmers.
Jefferson did not want all the glitz and glamour that went with being the president.
How did Jefferson show people he was an ordinary citizen?
Albert Gallatin was the secretary of the treasury and enabled the country to save money and make money.
How did he help the country make money?
Jefferson and Gallatin introduced a free market economy where goods and services are exchanged with little regulation from government.
With each business and service setting their own prices it created competition among people.
Before TJ became president the number of Supreme Court justices increased to 9
Marbury vs. Madison was a Supreme Court Case where President Adams appointed him late at night on his last day as President.
James Madison tried to delay his appointment to the Supreme Court. Marbury sued Madison based on the Judiciary Act of 1789.
Marbury vs. Madison set an important precedent that gave the Supreme Court the power to decide whether laws are constitutional or not. This power is called judicial review.
“Louisiana Purchase”
The Mississippi River is an important trade route within the United States. Farmers ship goods up and down the river.
Most goods for sale end up in New Orleans. From New Orleans farmer’s goods can be shipped anywhere along the east coast and world.
When George Washington was president New Orleans was controlled by Spain. Later, Spain gave the lands back to France.
Why did Thomas Jefferson want to buy New Orleans?
TJ was able to buy Louisiana from France for $15 M, this doubled the size of the USA, and showed other nations that the USA was taking its place a power in the world.
Lewis and Clark Expedition
a.TJ asked them to research all aspects of life in the Louisiana Purchase.
b.TJ asked them to be friendly and neighborly to Native Americans. Why?
c.Learn about Native American Life
May 1804, Lewis & Clark along with 50 men known as “The Corps of Discovery” left St. Louis, MO
When Lewis & Clark made it to the Great Plains they saw flat lands as far as the eye could see. What else?
L & C also took with them peace medals to give to Native Americans. What else did they give them?
What big challenge did they face on their journey?
Who did L & C pick up along the way to help them on the journey?
The continental divide is a mountain range that separates river systems flowing toward opposite sides of the continent
It took Lewis and Clark 1 year to explore from St. Louis to the Pacific Ocean.
Thomas Jefferson had a vision of the USA reaching from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. This vision is known as “Manifest Destiny.”
Zebulon Pike explored behind Lewis and Clark. He has a tall mountain within the Rocky Mountains named after him called Pike’s Peak.
“New Threats from Overseas”
I.Trading Around the World
A.Yankee Traders
1. China Trade- The Empress
of China, first American ship
to trade with China
2. American traders traded furs
to China for silk and spices
B. Conflict w/ Barbary States
1. The US paid yearly tribute
($$$) to Tripoli in order for
Them not to attack
American ships.
2.Eventually, the US &
Thomas Jefferson refused to
pay Tripoli so, this created a
small war.
3.TJ ordered a blockade of the port of Tripoli however the ship Philadelphia was captured by pirates.
4.American recaptured the ship and burned it down
II.American Neutrality is violated
A.Americans trade with Britain and France during their war.
B.Americans traded war supplies to both sides.
C.This angered the French and British b/c America was working both sides.
D.Therefore, the British and French began to seize American ships and sailors.
E.The British began to impress many Americans b/c they were running out of sailors to be in the Navy.
III.Jefferson Tries an Embargo
A.A Total Ban
1.Jefferson decided to impose an embargo on France and Britain.
2.The Embargo Act- hurt American Trade and lost $80 million
3.People began smuggling
4.Jefferson moved from the Embargo Act to the Non-intercourse Act which stated that American could trade on a limited basis
-TJ decided not to run for president for a third term b/c George Washington had only served twice.
-In 1808 James Madison EASILY became the fourth president of the USA.
“The Road to War”
-Treaty of Greenville promised Native Americans $20,000 to give up lands and keep the peace with white settlers.
-Many settlers wanted to move west across the Appalachian Mtns however this angered many Native American and violence often broke out.
-Tecumseh and his brother the Prophet organized all Native American groups in Ohio and Indiana against white settlers.
-The Prophet created his own town along Tippecanoe Creek.
-Battle of Tippecanoe was a battle between 1,000 US soldiers against the
-Prophet and Native Americans. Who won? Who started the fight?
-The British (boosting it up) were giving guns to Native Americans and asking them to fight white settlers.
-Many Congressmen who wanted war with Britain were called War Hawks but President James Madison did not want war.
-War Hawks had a strong sense of nationalism. What is nationalism?
-Who was the biggest War Hawk?
-In June 1812, President Madison gave into war fever and the war hawks and asked Congress to declare war on Britain
-What 2-3 things happened to draw American into war with Britain?
“War of 1812”
Why was America not ready for war?
- Not a lot of troops
- Soldiers were not trained
- Not much $ spent on defense
- Still in debt
- The Navy only had 16 ships
What attracted many people to go and fight in the war?
- Large amount of money and free land
The first battle of the War of 1812 involved a famous ship called the USS Constitution or “Old Ironsides”
One goal of War Hawks was to conquer Canada. Did the US conquer Canada?
What was this battle in which the US was able to control Lake Erie?
Which Native American leader died at the Battle of Thames which soon led to the destruction of the league of Indians?
The British were able to invade Washington DC and burn most of the town even the White House.
Once the British left Washington DC they went towards Baltimore to attack.
Baltimore was able to be defended because of Fort McHenry. At Fort McHenry Francis Scott Key wrote a poem/song. What did he write?
The leader of the Battle of New Orleans was Andrew Jackson. Who won? What is interesting about this battle?
What was the Treaty of Ghent?
Why did the New England States protest the War of 1812?
What was the Hartford Convention?