APES Review

This review lists the highlights of the covered chapters. In no way does it cover everything you’ve learned!

Chapter 1

  1. Exponential Growth
  2. GDP
  3. Per capita GDP
  4. Developing, developed nations
  5. Perpetual, renewable, non-renewable resources
  6. Tragedy of the commons
  7. Ecological Footprint
  8. Affluenza
  9. Rule of 70
  10. Natural capital
  11. Frontier Worldview

Chapter 2

  1. Easter Island
  2. Scientific Method
  3. Positive and negative feedback loops
  4. Synergistic effect
  5. Isotopes
  6. Organic compounds
  7. High and low quality matter
  8. High and low quality energy
  9. High through put economy
  10. Low through put economy
  11. Ionizing radiation vs. non-ionizing radiation
  12. Organic vs. inorganic compounds
  13. Law of conservation of matter
  14. half lives
  15. Nuclear fission vs. fusion
  16. First law of thermodynamics
  17. Second law of thermodynamics

Evolution Ch.4

  1. Natural selection
  2. Mutations
  3. Coevolution
  4. Fundamental vs. realized niche
  5. Specialist vs. generalist
  6. Divergent evolution
  7. Speciation
  8. Endemic species
  9. Geographic isolation
  10. Reproductive isolation
  11. Mass extinction
  12. Mass depletion
  13. Background extinction
  14. Recombinant DNA
  15. GMO’s
  16. Artificial selection
  17. Founder effect
  18. Bottleneck effect

Ch. 3 Ecosystems

  1. Levels of Ecology (Realm of ecology)
  2. Habitat
  3. Ecosystem
  4. Community
  5. Biosphere
  6. Range of tolerance
  7. Limiting factor
  8. Abiotic vs biotic
  9. Biomes
  10. Autotroph vs. heterotroph
  11. Producer vs. consumer
  12. Decomposers vs. detrivore
  13. Trophic levels
  14. Aerobic vs. anaerobic respiration
  15. Biodiversity
  16. Food chain vs. food web
  17. Biomass
  18. Energy pyramid
  19. NPP
  20. GPP
  21. Horizons (describe each layer)
  22. Profile
  23. Humus
  24. Infiltration
  25. Leaching
  26. Sand, silt, clay
  27. Porosity
  28. Soil texture triangle
  29. Loam
  30. Aquifer
  31. Surface Runoff
  32. Evaporation
  33. Transpiration
  34. Percolation
  35. Condensation
  36. Carbon cycle
  37. Photosynthesis
  38. Calcium carbonate
  39. Green house effect
  40. Nitrogen cycle
  41. Nitrogen fixation
  42. Ammonification
  43. Nitrite vs. nitrate
  44. Denitrification
  45. NOx
  46. Phosphorous cycle
  47. Sulfur cycle
  48. Sources of sulfur

Climate and Terrestrial Biodiversity: ch. 7

  1. Climate vs. weather
  2. Relationship between elevation and latitude
  3. Tropical desert
  4. Temperate desert
  5. Polar desert
  6. Savanna
  7. Prairie
  8. Tundra
  9. Permafrost
  10. Chaparral
  11. Tropical rain forest
  12. Steppe
  13. Veldt
  14. Pampas
  15. Temperate deciduous forest
  16. Taiga
  17. Canopy
  18. Coniferous forest
  19. What causes seasons
  20. Cold front
  21. Warm front
  22. El nino
  23. La nina

Chapter 14

  1. Subduction zone
  2. Layers of the Earth (inner and outer core, mantle, crust, asthenosphere, lithosphere)
  3. Divergent, convergent, transform faults
  4. Ring of Fire
  5. Examples of igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic rock
  6. Rock cycle
  7. Subsurface vs. surface mining types
  8. Hazards of subsurface mining
  9. Subsidence
  10. Mineral resources available in ocean

Ch.5 Community and Population ecology

  1. Species diversity
  2. Species richness
  3. Species evenness
  4. Invasive species
  5. Indicator species
  6. Keystone species
  7. Foundation species
  8. Interspecific competition
  9. Intraspecific competition
  10. Resource partitioning
  11. Predation
  12. Camouflage
  13. Carnivores
  14. Parasitism
  15. Epiphyte
  16. Mutualism
  17. Commensalism
  18. Primary succession
  19. Secondary succession
  20. Climax community
  21. Inertia
  22. Constancy
  23. Resilience
  24. Law of competitive exclusion
  25. Population change formula
  26. age structures diagram
  27. Environmental resistance
  28. Carrying capacity (K)
  29. Intrinsic rate of increase (r)
  30. Logistic growth vs. exponential growth
  31. Density dependent and density independent controls
  32. K-selected species (K-strategist)
  33. r-selected species (r-strategist)
  34. Survivorship curves (late, constant, early loss) or type I, II, or III

Chapter 6

  1. Crude birth/crude death rates
  2. Natality
  3. Formula to find rate of population change %
  4. Rule of 70
  5. Replacement Level Fertility
  6. Total fertility rate
  7. US population changes (baby boom, baby bust, etc)
  8. Factors that affect birth rates (poverty, infant mortality, education, etc)

Aquatic Biodiversity Chapter 8

  1. Zooplankton
  2. Nekton
  3. Benthos
  4. Phytoplankton
  5. Euphotic
  6. Coastal zone
  7. Coral reefs
  8. Continental shelf
  9. Where is NPP highest
  10. Coastal wetlands
  11. Mangrove
  12. Estuary
  13. Open sea
  14. Intertidal zone
  15. Abyssal zone
  16. Bathyal zone
  17. Barrier beach
  18. Barrier island
  19. Marine snow
  20. Mid-Atlantic ridge
  21. Lentic
  22. Lotic
  23. Littoral zone
  24. Profundal
  25. Limnetic
  26. Overturns
  27. Eutrophic lake
  28. Oligotrophic lake
  29. Cultural eutrophication
  30. Drainage basin or watershed
  31. Floodplain zone
  32. Brackish water
  33. Thermocline
  34. Levee
  35. Stream channelization

Sustaining Biodiversity

Chapter 9

  1. Intrinsic value
  2. HIPPO
  3. Habitat island
  4. Habitat fragmentation
  5. Invasive species
  6. Biotic pollution
  7. Over exploitation
  8. Local extinction
  9. Ecological extinction
  10. Biological (global) extinction
  11. Endangered species
  12. Threatened species
  13. Ecotourism
  14. Captive breeding
  15. Seed banks
  16. Theory of island biogeography
  17. Habitat Corridors
  18. Edge effect
  19. Wildlife refuges
  20. Wilderness areas
  21. National forest vs. park
  22. CITES
  23. Poaching

Earth Systems and Resources

Chapter 11

  1. Drift net
  2. Long line
  3. Sonar
  4. Purse-seine
  5. Bottom trawling
  6. Commercial extinction
  7. IWC
  8. Cetaceans
  9. Baleen vs toothed whales
  10. TEDs
  11. Bycatch
  12. MPA’s
  13. High seas
  14. Marine reserves
  15. Maximum sustained yield
  16. Optimum sustained yield
  17. Mitigation banking

Chapter 16

  1. Energy efficiency
  2. Co-generation
  3. Passive and active solar heating – how it works
  4. Advantages and disadvantages to solar heating
  5. Hydroelectric power– how it works
  6. Hydropower-pros/cons
  7. Wind power– how it works
  8. wind power- pros/cons
  9. Biomass energy– how it works
  10. biomass energy-pros/cons
  11. Geothermal energy– how it works
  12. Geothermal- pros/cons
  13. Hydrogen power –how it works
  14. Hydrogen power- pros/cons
  15. Green or living roof

Pollution

Chapter 17

  1. Toxicity factors
  2. LD50
  3. Threshold level
  4. Bioaccumulation
  5. biomagnification
  6. synergistic interactions
  7. Acute vs. chronic effects
  8. Teratogens
  9. Mutagens
  10. carcinogens
  11. Nontransmissible
  12. transmissible
  13. HIV/AIDS
  14. Malaria
  15. Bioassay
  16. Malnutrition vs. undernutrition
  17. CDC
  18. Anemia
  19. Scurvy
  20. Bhopal India
  21. Goiter
  22. Vaccine

Chapter 18

  1. Layers of the atmosphere
  2. Primary and secondary pollutants
  3. Particulate matter
  4. Types and sources of smog
  5. Acid rain locations
  6. Acid rain causes and effects
  7. Health effects and sources of:
  8. carbon monoxide,
  9. asbestos
  10. radon-222
  11. formaldehyde,
  12. Chloroform
  13. particulate matter
  14. Clean Air Acts
  15. Emission Allowances trading
  16. Catalytic converter
  17. Dioxin
  18. EPA
  19. NAAQS
  20. Tropospheric ozone

Terrestrial Biodiversity

Chapter 10

  1. Clear cutting
  2. Strip cutting
  3. Crown fires
  4. Surface fire
  5. Ground fires
  6. Prescribed fires
  7. Canopy
  8. Rotational grazing
  9. Riparian zones
  10. Overgrazing
  11. National forest
  12. National park
  13. Biosphere reserve
  14. Core and buffer zones
  15. Healthy Forest Restoration Act
  16. Kenaf

Chapter 12

  1. Industrialized, plantation, traditional subsistence, traditional intensive agriculture
  2. Green Revolutions
  3. Dust Bowl
  4. Desertification
  5. Soil salinization
  6. Conservation tillage
  7. Terracing, contour planting, strip cropping, alley cropping
  8. Agroforestry
  9. Crop rotation
  10. Organic vs. inorganic fertilizer
  11. Land use for meat vs. grain
  12. Monoculture
  13. IPM
  14. Rill
  15. Gully
  16. Sheet erosion

Chapter 13

  1. What most our water is used for
  2. Advantages and disadvantages of damming rivers
  3. Three Gorges Dam - China
  4. Colorado River Basin – US
  5. Aral Sea
  6. Ogallala aquifer
  7. Center pivot
  8. LEPA
  9. Drip irrigation
  10. Flood irrigation
  11. Causes of flooding

Energy

  1. Chapter 15
  2. Crude oil
  3. Where the world’s oil is mostly located
  4. advantages, and disadvantages of oil
  5. tar sand
  6. shale oil
  7. bitumen
  8. Where natural gas is mostly located
  9. natural gas-pros/cons
  10. fracking
  11. LPG vs. LNG
  12. Where the world’s coal is mostly located
  13. Coal pros/cons
  14. SNG
  15. Bituminous
  16. anthracite
  17. Who uses nuclear power
  18. nuclear power: pros/cons
  19. U-235
  20. U-238
  21. breeder reactors
  22. fusion vs. fission
  23. control rods
  24. moderator
  25. coolant
  26. Three Mile Island
  27. Chernobyl

Chapter 18

  1. Layers of the atmosphere
  2. Primary and secondary pollutants
  3. Particulate matter
  4. Types and sources of smog
  5. Acid rain locations
  6. Acid rain causes and effects
  7. Health effects and sources of:
  8. carbon monoxide,
  9. asbestos
  10. radon-222
  11. formaldehyde,
  12. Chloroform
  13. particulate matter
  14. Clean Air Acts
  15. Emission Allowances trading
  16. Catalytic converter
  17. Dioxin
  18. EPA
  19. NAAQS
  20. Tropospheric ozone

Chapter 20

  1. Point and non-point pollution
  2. Causes and health effects of:
  3. lead
  4. mercury
  5. arsenic
  6. Factors that affect DO
  7. Eutrophication
  8. Prevention of groundwater pollution
  9. Prevention of oil spills
  10. Clean up of oil spills in ocean
  11. Primary treatment
  12. Secondary treatment
  13. Tertiary treatment
  14. Septic tank
  15. Oxygen sag curve
  16. Clean water act
  17. Safe drinking water act

Chapter 21

  1. Love Canal
  2. Solid waste sources
  3. What makes up US landfills
  4. Ways to reduce amount of solid waste
  5. The 5 R’s
  6. Hazardous wastes
  7. Phytoremediation
  8. bioremediation
  9. Plasma Arc
  10. Deep underground wells
  11. Surface impoundments
  12. Mercury poisoning sources and effects
  13. Lead poisoning sources and effects
  14. e-waste
  15. Basel convention
  16. Stockholm Convention
  17. Brown fields
  18. Superfund

Climate Change Chapter 19

how volcanoes affect climate

Greenhouse gases

Effects of global warming

Ocean acidification

Conveyer belt current

Ways to remove CO2

Stratospheric ozone

Ozone hole

How CFC’s destroy ozone

UVA, UVB, UVC

Malignant melanoma

Cataracts

Montreal protocol