Name: ______Period: ______

Thermal Properties of Matter Notes

  1. Describe the three methods in which thermal energy is transferred from one object to another.
  2. Conduction: ______

______

  1. Convection: ______

______

  1. Radiation: ______

______

  1. What does Endothermic mean? ______

______

  1. What does Exothermic mean? ______

______

Process / Change of State / Energy Change
  1. What is a thermal conductor? ______

______

  1. What is an example of a conductor? ______
  2. When is a conductor useful? ______

______

  1. What is a thermal insulator? ______

______

  1. What is an example of a conductor? ______
  2. When is a conductor useful? ______

______

  1. What is heat capacity? ______

______

  1. What is the equation for heat capacity? ______
  2. What do the following symbols represent?

  1. Q - ______
  2. ΔT - ______
  3. m - ______

  1. Conductors have a ______heat capacity and insulators have a ______heat capacity.

Heat Capacity Examples of Some Common Materials

Substance / Heat Capacity (J/g˚C) / Heat Capacity (J/kgK)
Water
Ice
Water Vapor
Dry Air
Iron
Copper
Lead
Gold

Practice Problems

  1. A 20 g sample of an unknown metal increases its temperature from 30 ˚C to 40 ˚C when 88 J of energy is added to it. Find the specific heat and identify the metal.
  1. While hiking you find a gold colored coin. You can find out if it is real gold by finding its specific heat. You apply 20 J of energy to the 2.5 g coin and the temperature rises 5 ˚C. Is the coin gold?
  1. You find another coin that has a mass of 2.5 g. When you apply 20 J to the coin it rises 20.78 ˚C. What is the material of the coin?
  1. You are very thirsty and find a clear odorless liquid, but you’re not sure if it is water. You gather a 10 g sample of the liquid and apply 209.2 J of energy to the liquid and the temperature increases 5 ˚C. Is the liquid water?

Heat or Thermal Energy

  1. What is the equation for finding the energy for a temperature change of an object? ______
  2. What do the following symbols represent and their units?

  1. Q - ______
  2. c - ______
  3. ΔT - ______
  4. m - ______

Practice Problems

  1. You would like to cook some Macaroni and Cheese, but first you need to boil the water. How much Heat energy (J) is required in order to boil (100 ˚C) a liter (1000 g) of water from room temperature (30 ˚C)?
  1. You leave 20 pennies predating 1982, so they are solid copper. How much energy from the sun does it take to raise the temperature of the 50 g of copper pennies from 30 ˚C to 40 ˚C?
  1. Ice cream is frozen heavy cream or other milk products, which have a specific heat of 3.1 J/g˚C. In order to make ice cream you need to remove energy by dropping the temperature from 25˚C to -5˚C. How much energy must be removed to make 1 kg of ice cream?
  1. Poultry product are not safe to eat unless cooked to 71 ˚C. If chicken has a specific heat of 2.72 J/g˚C, how much energy is necessary to cook a 170 g chicken breast from 27 ˚C?

Temperature Change

  1. What is the equation for finding the temperature change of an object? ______
  2. What do the following symbols represent and their units?

  1. Q - ______
  2. c - ______
  3. ΔT - ______
  4. m - ______

Practice Problems

  1. If you add 603 J of heat to 100 g of ice will it melt if it was originally at -5 ˚C?
  1. If you add 15620 J of heat to a 500 g iron skillet that was originally 30 ˚C would the skillet be hot enough to boil water?
  1. A 12.9 gram sample of an unknown metal at 26.5°C is placed in a Styrofoam cup containing 50.0 grams of water at 88.6°C. The water cools down and the metal warms up until thermal equilibrium is achieved at 87.1°C. Assuming all the heat lost by the water is gained by the metal and that the cup is perfectly insulated, determine the specific heat capacity of the unknown metal. The specific heat capacity of water is 4.18 J/g/°C.