“There is nothing more agonized than man of all that breathe and crawl across the earth”

44-30 / Civil war between Marcus Antony and Octavian
27 B.C. / Beginning of Empire age with Octavian claiming title of Augustus Caesar
Beginning of the Pax Romana (peace of Rome)
A.D. 30 / Jesus Christ Crucified in Jerusalem
A.D. 37 / Caligula rules for 4 years
A.D. 54 / Nero rules for 14 years
64 / Great fire in Rome - Nero blamed Christians and began persecution
66-73 / Jewish Revolt
79 / Vesuvius erupts burying towns of Pompeii and Herculaneum
98 / Trajan becomes emperor, embarks on building programs
117 / Hadrian becomes emperor, empire expands to its greatest extent
177-192 / Commodus becomes emperor for 15 years
193 / Septimius Severus becomes emperor for 4 years
198 / Caracalla becomes emperor for 9 years
203 / Torture of Perpetua
217 / Elagabalus becomes emperor for 4 years
235 - 285 / Time of Anarchy, uncertainty who was legitimate Emperor for much of the time
253 / Valerian becomes emperor for 7 years
293 / Diocletian split empire into four sections ruled by two co-emperors
303-311 / Diocletianic Persecutions
306 / Constantine becomes emperor for 31 years
313 / Edict of Milan
330 / Capitol moved from Rome to Constantinople (current day Istanbul) by Constantine I
455 / Rome sacked by Vandals
476 / Fall of the Western Roman Empire by invasion of Goths
554-1453 / Eastern Empire survived as the Byzantine Empire
1453 / Byzantine Empire defeated by Ottoman Turks

[Zeus to the horses of Achilles’ chariot who weep over the death of Patroclus] ------Homer

Mark Antony

Octavian

Augustus Caesar

Pax Romana

Caligula

Incitatus

Praetorian Guard

Nero

Agrippina

Catacombs

Masada

Pompeii

Mt. Vesuvius

Trajan

Hadrian

Commodus

Perpetua

Diocletian

Septimius Severus

Caracalla

Perpetua

Elagabalus

Valerian

Constantine

Edict of Milan

Byzantium/Constantinople/ Istanbul