The Psychology of Human Reproduction Autor: James Moriarty Zdrojový Dokument: Science News, Vol
Rešerš publikovaných článkov vtematickej oblasti „reprodukcia“ zdatabázy Web of Knowledge (title) za roky 2006 - 2011
V rámci projektu: APVV-0604-10: UDRŽATEĽNÁ REPRODUKCIA NA SLOVENSKU: PSYCHO-SOCIÁLNE SKÚMANIE
Do female association preferences predict the likelihood of reproduction?
Author(s):Walling CA (Walling, Craig A.)1, Royle NJ (Royle, Nick J.)1, Lindstrom J (Lindstrom, Jan)1, Metcalfe NB (Metcalfe, Neil B.)1
Source: BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGYVolume: 64Issue: 4Pages: 541-548Published: MAR 2010
Times Cited:8References:47Citation Map
Abstract: Sexual selection acting on male traits through female mate choice is commonly inferred from female association preferences in dichotomous mate choice experiments. However, there are surprisingly few empirical demonstrations that such association preferences predict the likelihood of females reproducing with a particular male. This information is essential to confirm association preferences as good predictors of mate choice. We used green swordtails (Xiphophorus helleri) to test whether association preferences predict the likelihood of a female reproducing with a male. Females were tested for a preference for long- or short-sworded males in a standard dichotomous choice experiment and then allowed free access to either their preferred or non-preferred male. If females subsequently failed to produce fry, they were provided a second unfamiliar male with similar sword length to the first male. Females were more likely to reproduce with preferred than non-preferred males, but for those that reproduced, neither the status (preferred/non-preferred) nor the sword length (long/short) of the male had an effect on brood size or relative investment in growth by the female. There was no overall preference based on sword length in this study, but male sword length did affect likelihood of reproduction, with females more likely to reproduce with long- than short-sworded males (independent of preference for such males in earlier choice tests). These results suggest that female association preferences are good indicators of female mate choice but that ornament characteristics of the male are also important.
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Author Keywords: Reproductive success; Female mate choice; Sexual selection; Differential allocation; Xiphophorus
KeyWords Plus: MALE MATING SUCCESS; MATE CHOICE; SEXUAL SELECTION; ZEBRA FINCH; XIPHOPHORUS-HELLERI; MALE ATTRACTIVENESS; DIFFERENTIAL-ALLOCATION; TAENIOPYGIA-GUTTATA; MALE ORNAMENTATION; SWORDTAIL
Reprint Address: Walling, CA (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Inst Evolutionary Biol, Sch Biol Sci, W Mains Rd, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, Midlothian Scotland
Addresses:
1. Univ Glasgow, Div Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Fac Biomed & Life Sci, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark Scotland
E-mail Addresses:
Paternal age and reproduction
Author(s):Sartorius GA (Sartorius, Gideon A.)1, Nieschlag E (Nieschlag, Eberhard)1
Source: HUMAN REPRODUCTION UPDATEVolume: 16Issue: 1Pages: 65-79Published: JAN-FEB 2010
Times Cited:8References:209Citation Map
Abstract: Due to various sociological factors, couples in developed countries are increasingly delaying childbearing. Besides ethical, economical and sociological issues, this trend presents us with several complex problems in reproduction. Although it is well-known that maternal age has a negative effect on fertility and increases the risk of adverse outcome during pregnancy and in offspring, the paternal influence on these outcomes is less well researched and not well-known.
We performed a systematic search of PubMed, and retrieved original articles and review articles to update our previous survey in this journal.
This review highlights the link between male age and genetic abnormalities in the germ line and summarizes the knowledge about the effects of paternal age on reproductive function and outcome. Increasing paternal age can be associated with decreasing androgen levels, decreased sexual activity, alterations of testicular morphology and a deterioration of semen quality (volume, motility, morphology). Increased paternal age has an influence on DNA integrity of sperm, increases telomere length in spermatozoa and is suggested to have epigenetic effects. These changes may, at least in part, be responsible for the association of paternal age over 40 years with reduced fertility, an increase in pregnancy-associated complications and adverse outcome in the offspring.
Although higher maternal age can be an indication for intensive prenatal diagnosis, including invasive diagnostics, consideration of the available evidence suggests that paternal age itself, however, provides no rationale for invasive procedures.
Document Type: Review
Language: English
Author Keywords: aging male; semen parameters; fertility; genetic risk; pregnancy complications
KeyWords Plus: GESTATIONAL TROPHOBLASTIC DISEASE; POPULATION-BASED COHORT; IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION; SEX GLAND-FUNCTION; SPERM DNA-DAMAGE; PARENTAL AGE; MATERNAL AGE; BIRTH-DEFECTS; RISK-FACTORS; SPONTANEOUS-ABORTION
Reprint Address: Nieschlag, E (reprint author), Univ Munster, Ctr Reprod Med & Androl, Domagkstr 11, D-48149 Munster, Germany
Addresses:
1. Univ Munster, Ctr Reprod Med & Androl, D-48149 Munster, Germany
E-mail Addresses:
Sex and reproduction: an evolving relationship
Author(s):Benagiano G (Benagiano, Giuseppe)1, Carrara S (Carrara, Sabina)1, Filippi V (Filippi, Valentina)1
Source: HUMAN REPRODUCTION UPDATEVolume: 16Issue: 1Pages: 96-107Published: JAN-FEB 2010
Times Cited:1References:116Citation Map
Abstract: Although sexual activity has, until very recently, been essential to reproduction, this did not preclude the non-reproductive importance of sexual relationships and non-conceptive copulations. Technological advances, however, now allow for both sex without reproduction and reproduction without sex. This review summarizes social and ethical commentaries on the new relationship between sex and reproduction.
For each main area discussed, a systematic search was made using (depending on the subject) PubMed, Medline, ScienceDirect, classic books, Google and/or religious websites. The search focused on publications between 1975 and 2009, although some materials from the first part of the 20th century were also utilized.
The classic picture of sex for reproduction and bonding between mating partners is increasingly being replaced by reproduction separate from sexual activity. Although not every advance in assisted reproduction produced, per se, a further separation from sexual intercourse, these two fundamental human activities are today increasingly carried out independently, as reproduction is possible, not only without sex, but even through the intervention of more than two partners. The possibility of reproduction with only one or even no gametes, although highly controversial and not yet feasible, is nonetheless being investigated.
Technological advances in the field of reproductive biology have enabled couples considered infertile to conceive and have healthy babies, causing a revolution in culture and customs. Today the independence of sex and reproduction is established and in the future human reproduction may move even further away from the sexual act, an option definitely unacceptable to some ethicists.
Document Type: Review
Language: English
Author Keywords: assisted reproduction technology; contraception; reproduction; human sexuality; religious ethics
KeyWords Plus: PREIMPLANTATION GENETIC DIAGNOSIS; IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION; BECKWITH-WIEDEMANN-SYNDROME; EMBRYONIC STEM-CELLS; INTRACYTOPLASMIC SPERM INJECTION; JAN 20 2006; ASSISTED REPRODUCTION; NUCLEAR TRANSFER; INVITRO FERTILIZATION; DESIRE DISORDER
Reprint Address: Benagiano, G (reprint author), , 28 Chemin Massettes, CH-1218 Grand Saconnex, Switzerland
Addresses:
1. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Rome, Italy
E-mail Addresses:
Birth, belonging and migrant mothers: narratives of reproduction in feminist migration studies
Author(s):Gedalof I (Gedalof, Irene)
Source: FEMINIST REVIEWIssue: 93Pages: 81-100Published: NOV 2009
Times Cited: 0References:55Citation Map
Abstract: Drawing on feminist philosophical accounts of reproduction and initial data acquired through research with migrant mothers in London, this article argues that the role and place of reproduction remains under-theorized within scholarly accounts of women's role in migration processes. Working with an expanded concept of reproduction that includes not only childbirth and motherhood, but also the work of reproducing heritage, culture and structures of belonging, it argues that feminist migration scholars can draw on valuable theoretical resources in order to tell more complicated stories about the place of reproduction in migration, and challenge the often problematic gendered distinctions between travelling and staying put, change and repetition that continue to underpin some of the narrative structures operative in migration studies.
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Author Keywords: migration; reproduction; home; embodiment; mothering
KeyWords Plus: WOMEN; FAMILY
Reprint Address: Gedalof, I (reprint author), London Metropolitan Univ, London, England
Addresses:
1. London Metropolitan Univ, London, England
Late reproduction behaviour in Sardinia: spatial analysis suggests local aptitude towards reproductive longevity
Author(s):Astolfi P (Astolfi, Paola)1, Caselli G (Caselli, Graziella)2, Fiorani O (Fiorani, Ornella)3, Lipsi RM (Lipsi, Rosa M.)2, Lisa A (Lisa, Antonella)3, Tentoni S (Tentoni, Stefania)4
Source: EVOLUTION AND HUMAN BEHAVIORVolume: 30Issue: 2Pages: 93-102Published: MAR 2009
Times Cited: 0References:45Citation Map
Abstract: Evolution in human life-history traits is influenced by environmental factors and, when genetic components underlie the relations, by micro-evolutionary forces. Age at reproduction is largely influenced by the familial cultural context and socioeconomic level, besides the maternal well-being and genetic background. The Sardinian population is characterized by historico-geographical isolation and differentiates from Italian mainland and other European populations in bio-demographic and cultural characteristics, among which the tendency to delay maternity persisting through generations. In our study, we investigated whether, in Sardinia, areas of "reproductive longevity" exist, where a higher-than-average incidence of late maternities combines with a lower-than-average cost in terms of perinatal death. Data from the Italian Central Institute of Statistics regard all 1980-1996 Sardinian births. Using spatial analysis of late maternity (proportion of babies born to mothers aged >= 35 years) and associated perinatal mortality (proportion of babies stillborn and dead within 0-6 days born to mothers aged : >= 35 years), we aimed at singling out areas where the indicators run high and low, respectively. The perinatal mortality cost associated with the advanced maternal age [odds ratios (95% CI)] was evaluated through multiple logistic regression models. We identified central inland excess areas qualified by higher incidence of late maternities (27% vs. 22% in nonexcess area) and lower cost in perinatal mortality [OR=1.38 (1.04-1.84) vs. OR=1.74 (1.55-1.96) in nonexcess area]. In these "reproductive longevity" areas, the inbreeding coefficient was 3.7-fold higher than in the nonexcess areas, suggesting possible population homozygosity in genetic factors affecting the trait. Further and deeper investigations on biological and environmental determinants could focus on these target areas. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Author Keywords: Late fertility; Reproductive success; Risk at birth; Human reproduction; Reproductive fitness
KeyWords Plus: NATURAL-SELECTION; EXTREME LONGEVITY; FERTILITY; HISTORY; WOMEN; RISK; CHILDBEARING; STILLBIRTH; PREGNANCY; SURVIVAL
Reprint Address: Astolfi, P (reprint author), Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Genet & Microbiol A Buzzati Traverso, Via Ferrata 1, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
Addresses:
1. Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Genet & Microbiol A Buzzati Traverso, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
2. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Demog Sci, I-00161 Rome, Italy
3. CNR, IGM, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
4. CNR, IMATI, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
E-mail Addresses:
Gender and Reproduction
Author(s):Alcoff LM (Alcoff, Linda Martin)
Source: ASIAN JOURNAL OF WOMENS STUDIESVolume: 14Issue: 4Pages: 7-27Published: 2008
Times Cited: 0References:20Citation Map
Abstract: What is the role of reproduction in formulating the categories of sex, gender, or of sexual difference? If Judith Butler is right that gender and sex cannot be neatly disentangled from the realm of affects, "sensation, acts, and sexual practice," then it is equally doubtful that the realm of biological reproduction can be disentangled. There is a danger, however, of re-inscribing heterosexism or heteronormativity. Clearly, reproduction has historically been used to justify the conventional binary, oppositional, and hierarchical meanings of sex and gender. In response, feminist and LGBT theorists have argued that reproduction is irrelevant to gender identity. But does this make metaphysical sense? This paper argues that reproduction has a legitimate and substantive impact in determining the category of sex and influencing the category of gender, but that considerations of reproduction do not justify either heterosexism or homophobia.
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Author Keywords: Gender; sexuality; heterosexuality; reproduction; feminism; identity
Reprint Address: Alcoff, LM (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA
Addresses:
1. Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA
E-mail Addresses:
Lay beliefs on assisted reproduction technology in the UK and Greece: A repertory grid study
Author(s):Triantafillidou A (Triantafillidou, A.)1, Ardino V (Ardino, V)1, Asirnakopoulou K (Asirnakopoulou, K.)1, Chater A (Chater, A.)1
Source: PSYCHOLOGY & HEALTHVolume: 23Pages: 256-256Supplement: Suppl. 1Published: SEP 2008
Times Cited: 0References: 0Citation Map
Document Type: Meeting Abstract
Language: English
Addresses:
1. Univ Bedfordshire, Bedford, England
Editorial: Human reproduction: Are religions defending the core of human nature, or the survival of traditional cultural schemes?
Author(s):Benagiano G (Benagiano, Giuseppe)
Source: REPRODUCTIVE BIOMEDICINE ONLINEVolume: 17Pages: 6-8Supplement: Suppl. 3Published: NOV 2008
Times Cited:1References:9Citation Map
Document Type: Editorial Material
Language: English
Reprint Address: Benagiano, G (reprint author), Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Rome, Italy
Addresses:
1. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Rome, Italy
E-mail Addresses:
What religious ethics can and cannot tell us about reproduction and sexuality
Author(s):Purdy L (Purdy, Laura)
Source: REPRODUCTIVE BIOMEDICINE ONLINEVolume: 17Pages: 9-16Supplement: Suppl. 3Published: NOV 2008
Times Cited:1References:22Citation Map
Abstract: The Religious Right movement maintains that only sexual activity open to reproduction is morally acceptable, and that violating this imperative violates God's will. Religious Progressives and secular humanists deny these positions, arguing instead that the moral quality of sex is determined by how its participants treat each other. However, religious progressives (but not secular humanists) continue to believe that religion has some authority in ethics. This paper shows why no such arguments are Successful, and concludes that any compelling case against the Religious Right sexual ethic and in support of a humane one must be based in secular ethics.
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Author Keywords: contraception; religious ethics; reproduction; sexuality
Reprint Address: Purdy, L (reprint author), Wells Coll, Aurora, NY 13026 USA
Addresses:
1. Wells Coll, Aurora, NY 13026 USA
E-mail Addresses:
Islamic perspectives in human reproduction
Author(s):Serour GI (Serour, G. I.)1,2
Source: REPRODUCTIVE BIOMEDICINE ONLINEVolume: 17Pages: 34-38Supplement: Suppl. 3Published: NOV 2008
Times Cited:6References:26Citation Map
Abstract: Assisted reproductive technology is widely practised around the world for the treatment of virtually all forms of infertility. The application of this technology in the Islamic world had been delayed for many years, based on the misconception that Islamic teachings do not approve assisted reproduction. The paper discusses derivation of Islamic rulings and its impact oil the ethics of contemporary issues, including family formation and assisted reproduction. It clearly shows that Islam encourages family formation and assisted reproduction, when indicated, within the frame of marriage. It also discusses differences among Muslim sects, Sunni and Shi'aa. The paper also discusses Islamic rulings oil the new emerging practices in assisted reproduction, including surrogacy, multifetal pregnancy reduction. cryopreservation. pregnancy in the postmenopausal period, sex selection and embryo implantation following the husband's death. The moral status of the embryo in Islam is discussed. Organ differentiation and ensoulment are believed to occur at 42 days after fertilization at the earliest. As individuation of the embryo does not occur before 14 days from fertilization, research on surplus embryos during this period is allowed. Similarly, preimplantation genetic diagnosis, gene therapy and non-reproductive cloning for the benefit of humanity are ethically acceptable in Islam. This information should help physicians in their decision before conscientious objection to offering various modalities of assisted reproduction to their infertile patients.
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Author Keywords: assisted reproduction; cloning; embryo research; ethics; Islam
KeyWords Plus: ETHICAL GUIDELINES; SEX SELECTION; WORLD
Reprint Address: Serour, GI (reprint author), Al Azhar Univ, Cairo, Egypt
Addresses:
1. Al Azhar Univ, Cairo, Egypt
2. Egyptian IVF & ET Ctr, Cairo, Egypt
E-mail Addresses:
A secular perspective on 21st century ethics in human reproduction: why religious views and attitudes are becoming obsolete and possibly dangerous
Author(s):Mori M (Mori, Maurizio)
Source: REPRODUCTIVE BIOMEDICINE ONLINEVolume: 17Pages: 49-51Supplement: Suppl. 3Published: NOV 2008
Times Cited:2References:5Citation Map
Abstract: The application of reproductive technologies to humans has brought about a radical change in traditional perspectives about sexuality and reproduction. In the past, the field was surrounded by an aura of mystery, which allowed religion to grasp the subject firmly. Now ail explosion of knowledge, and a new capacity to control all aspects of human reproduction are beginning to modify attitudes, so that the arenas of sexuality and reproduction are apparently undergoing a process of rapid secularization. As a result, religious Solutions to reproductive problems are becoming obsolete and possibly dangerous, since they no longer adequately fulfill the needs of humanity in our modern era.
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Author Keywords: ethics; religion
Reprint Address: Mori, M (reprint author), Univ Turin, Dept Philosophy, I-10124 Turin, Italy
Addresses:
1. Univ Turin, Dept Philosophy, I-10124 Turin, Italy
E-mail Addresses:
The generation game is the cooperation game: The role of grandparents in the timing of reproduction
Author(s):Sear R (Sear, Rebecca)1, Dickins TE (Dickins, Thomas E.)2
Source: BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCESVolume: 33Issue: 1Pages: 34-+Published: FEB 2010Times Cited: 0References:9Citation Map
Abstract: Coall & Hertwig (C&H) demonstrate the importance of grandparents to children, even in low fertility, societies. We suggest policy-makers interested in reproductive timing in such contexts should be alerted to the practical applications of this cooperative breeding framework. The presence or absence of a supportive kin network could help explain why some women begin their reproductive careers "too early" or "too late."