APUSH UNIT 8 Dr. I. Ibokette

The Inter-War Years & WW II: Domestic and Foreign Fronts, 1919-1945

As always, please use the 5-step guidelines below in reading and taking notes on this unit.

Step 1: Pay attention to the“the large picture” or the central theme of the chapter and write down the titles of each unit, chapter and sub-headings/sections;

Step 2: Take notes on key points on the assigned chapters’ sub-sections; and pay particular attention to the key terms and names from the ID list (highlight/underline them).

Step 3: Briefly answer the “study questions” listed at the end of each sub-section. Your answers should be in whatever form you find to be the most useful (complete sentences, bullet points, outline format, etc.)

Step 4: Thoughtfully answer the “essential unit questions” from the unit guide. Your responses to these questions should be typed (double-spaced). Each response should be approximately 250 words long (do not exceed one page for each question).

Step 5: Draw up a timeline of about 7-10 key events/developments from the assigned reading.

Unit 8A: Inter-War Years: the Domestic Front: 1919-1941

A. The “Roaring Twenties”,

B. The Great Depression, and

C. The New Deal

Essential Questions:

How did the 1920s reflect divisions in American society?

Is the term the “new era” a fitting description of the 1920s?

What different factors caused the Great Depression?

How did the Great Depression and the government’s response change the United States?

  1. The “Roaring Twenties”

The Roaring Twenties: A Summation

“Scholars often characterize the 1920s as a decade of American prosperity and optimism. It was the “Roaring Twenties”, the decade of bathtub gin, the model T, the $5 workday, the first trans-Atlantic flight and the movie. It is often seen as a period of great advance as the nation became urban and commercial. The decade is also seen as a period of rising intolerance and isolation: chastened by WWI, historians often point out that Americans retreated into a provincialism evidenced by the rise of the KKK, the anti-radical hysteria of Palmer raids, restrictive immigration laws, and Prohibition.”

Overall the decade was a period of great contradictions: of rising optimism and deadening cynicism; of increasing and decreasing faith; and of great hope and great despair. Put differently, historians usually see the 1920s as a decade of intense social conflict.

Time Line:
1919: Palmer Raids

1920: Warren Harding elected President
1922: T. S. Eliot publishes The Wasteland

1923: Harding Dies; Calvin Coolidge takes over

- Bessie Smith records her first jazz album

1925: The Charleston becomes a dance craze

- Scopes Trial

1927: Charles Lindberg’s flight

- Ford introduced Model A

1928: Herbert Hoover elected President

1929: Ten million families own radio sets

- The Stock Market Crashed

1. Chapter 22:The New Era

Sub-Sections, Key Names and Terms, and Study Questions

  1. Setting the Stage633

“Looking Ahead”

  1. How did the technological innovations of the early 20th century affect industry and American social life of the 1920s?
  2. What were some of the cultural conflicts of the 1920s, and what caused them?
  3. Is the term the “New Era” a fitting description of the 1920?
  1. The New Economy 634

1

  1. radio
  2. trade associations
  3. welfare capitalism
  4. “pink-collar” jobs
  5. A. Philip Randolph
  6. the “American Plan”
  7. “parity”
  8. McNary-Haugen Bill

1

Questions:

  1. What were the psychological effects on both individuals and society at large that resulted from increasing consumerism in the 1920s?
  2. Why was American economic production and growth so successful during the 1920s? What were its strengths and weaknesses?
  3. How did labor fare during the 1920s? What particular problems did female, African American, immigrant, and unskilled laborers face?
  4. How did new technologies change the US in the 1920s?
  1. The New Culture 640

1

  1. the automobile
  2. Bruce Barton
  3. The Jazz Singer
  4. Harry Emerson Fosdick
  5. John B. Watson
  6. Margaret Sanger
  7. the flapper
  8. League of Women’s Voters
  9. Shepperd-Towner Act
  10. The “Lost Generation”
  11. H.L. Mencken
  12. Lost Generation
  13. Sinclair Lewis
  14. Harlem Renaissance
  15. The New Negro
  16. Alain Locke
  17. Langston Hughes

1

Questions:

How was life in urban and rural American different in the 1920s?

What caused the Great Migration and what were its consequences?

Who were the prominent American writers in the 1920s? Why did a number of these writers express negative views of society?

 What was the myth and what was the reality of the “new woman” of the 1920s?

 Describe the status of women in the 1920s. What aspects of their activities and behavior showed significant change, and what remained the same?

  1. A Conflict of Cultures 649

1

  1. Prohibition
  2. Nativism & the Ku Klan Klan
  3. National Origin Act, 1924
  4. David Stephenson
  5. Scopes “Monkey Trial”
  6. Al Smith

1

Questions:

  1. How did religion respond to the consumer culture of the 1920s?
  2. How did nativism influence the US in the 1920s?
  3. What were the nature and the extent of nativism of the 1920s?
  4. What were some of the cultural conflicts of the 1920s, and what caused them?
  5. Why did rural America have reason to be concerned about the course of events in the United States during the 1920s? How did they respond to these events?
  1. Republican Government, 654

1

  1. Teapot Dome
  2. Calvin Coolidge
  3. Andrew Mellon
  4. Hoover’s “Associationism”

1

Questions:

1. Compare the political philosophies of Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson with those of Warren Harding and Calvin Coolidge.

  1. End-of-Chapter Review, 656

 Looking Back

Significant Events

Recall and Reflect, 657

g. A Timeline of seven to ten key events/developments

  1. The Chapter 23: The Great Depression

Sub-Sections, Key Names and Terms, and Study Questions

  1. Setting the Stage, 658

“Looking Ahead”

  1. What were some of the causes of the Great Depression? What made it so severe, and why did it last so long?
  2. What was the impact of the Great Depression on farmers, minorities, and women?
  3. How did President Hoover and his administration try to deal with the Depression? What was the result of those efforts?
  1. The Coming of the Gt Dep. 660
  1. “Black Tuesday”
  2. Causes of Depression
  3. John M. Keynes

Questions:

  1. What were the keycauses of the Great Depression?
  2. Was the stock market crash the cause of the Great Dep.? Why or why not?
  3. Prior to the stock market crash in October 1929, what were the major weaknesses in the economy of the late 1920s?
  4. What are the major interpretations regarding the causes of the Great Depression? Why is there little historical consensus regarding the causes?
  1. The American People in Hard Times 662

1

  1. the “Dust Bowl”
  2. Okies
  3. Scottsboro case
  4. Mexican and Asian Americans
  5. Women and the Gt Dep.
  6. Clifford Odets
  7. Erskine Caldwell

1

Questions:

  1. How did farmers fare during the Depression? What environmental conditions contribute to their plight?
  2. How did the American people (men, women, and minorities) generally respond to the Great Depression?
  3. How did the Great Depression affect the American family?
  1. The Depression and American Culture 669

1

  1. Soap Opera
  2. redio
  3. John Dos Passos
  4. Richard Wright
  5. Hindenburg
  6. Orson Welles
  7. Frank Capra
  8. Life magazine
  9. Popular Front
  10. John Steinbeck

1

Questions:

  1. What were the popular cultural similarities and differences in the 1930s among radio programs, the movies, and literature?
  2. Why did the radical left enjoy growing popularity in America during the 1930s? Why did this popularity prove to be largely temporary?
  3. What popular protest arose in response to the Dep? How successful were these protests?
  4. How did radio affect both social life and the life of the family?
  5. What was the Popular Front? How did its members respond to the Depression?
  1. The Unhappy Presidency of Herbert Hoover 675

1

  1. voluntiarism
  2. Hoovervilles
  3. Hawley-Smooth Tariff
  4. Agricultural Marketing Act
  5. Reconstruction Finance Corp.
  6. Farmers’ Holiday Association
  7. Bonus Army march
  8. 1932 election and interregnum

1

Questions

  1. What was the result of those efforts?
  2. How did Hoover’s political beliefs affect his attempts to deal with the economic crisis of the Depression?
  3. Characterize Herbert Hoover’s personality during his presidency. How did his personal image with the American public change between 1928 and 1932?
  4. Why was Franklin Roosevelt elected president in 1932? What was his campaign platform?
  1. End-of-Chapter Review 679

Looking Back

Significant Events

Recall and Reflect, 681

  1. A Timeline of seven to ten key events/developments
  1. Chapter 24: The New Deal

Sub-Sections, Key Names and Terms, and Study Questions

Sub-Sections

  1. Setting the Stage683

“Looking Ahead”

  1. What emergency measures did FDR take in his first hundred days as president?
  2. Who were the major critics of FDR’s New Deal, and how did their criticisms influence FDR’s “Second New Deal” in 1945?
  3. What were the principal achievements of the “Second New Deal” in 1945?
  1. Launching the New Deal 684

1

  1. Emergency Banking Act
  2. AAA
  3. NIRA/NRA
  4. U.S. v. Schechter
  5. TVA
  6. Glass-Steagall Act
  7. SEC
  8. FERA, CWA, CCC
  9. 1st v. 2nd New Deals

1

Questions:

  1. How was Franklin Roosevelt able to quickly restore the public’s confidence in government and the economy in 1933?
  2. What did Franklin Roosevelt accomplish during his first hundred days in office?
  3. What were the effects of New Deal programs on agricultural and industrial recovery?
  1. The New Deal in Transition 690

1

  1. American Liberty League
  2. Townsend Plan
  3. Father Charles Coughlin
  4. Senator Huey Long
  5. National Labor Relations Act
  6. industrial unionism/ CIO
  7. John Lewis
  8. Social Security Act
  9. WPA
  10. Eleanor Roosevelt
  11. Black Cabinet
  12. John Collier
  13. Indian Reorganization Act of 1934
  14. Frances Perkins
  15. Marian Anderson
  16. federal welfare state

1

Questions:

  1. What evidence supports the argument that Franklin Roosevelt and the New Deal were liberal? Conservative?
  2. What were the principal achievements of the “Second New Deal”?
  3. What were the voices criticizing FDR’s response to the Depression? How did that criticism affect FDR?
  4. What gains did organized labor make during the 1930s? How did labor achieve these gains?
  5. How did New Deal programs treat minorities – African American, Hispanic Americans, and Native Americans?
  1. The New Deal in Disarray 697
  1. Court packing planb. Roosevelt recessionc. Fair Labor Standards Act

Questions

  1. What was the significance of the results of the 1936 elections?
  2. Why was the New Deal in disarray by 1937-1938? Why were there no additional New Deal programs after 1938?

e. Limits and legacies of the New Deal 700

1

  1. broker state
  2. Eleanor Roosevelt
  3. Black Cabinet
  4. John Collier
  5. Indian Reorganization Act of 1934
  6. Frances Perkins
  7. Marian Anderson
  8. federal welfare state

1

Questions

  1. What impact did the New Deal have on women and minorities?
  2. What did the New Deal accomplish in the 1930s? What did it not accomplish? Why did it fail to end the Depression?
  3. How did the New Deal affect the western United States?
  4. What have been the long-term legacies of the New Deal? What major historical assessments have been made of it?
  5. Discuss the fundamental shift that took place in the 1930s regarding the role of the federal government to help people in economic hardship. How would you assess this shift? Has it been useful or not? How does it relate to you personally today?
  6. How did FDR respond to the Depression? To what extent was he successful?
  7. What is the legacy of the New Deal?
  1. End-of-Chapter Review706

 Looking Back

 Significant Events

Recall and Reflect, 631

g. A Timeline of seven to ten key events/developments

Unit 8B: Inter-War Years’ Diplomacy and World War II: 1919-1945

  1. Foreign Policy, 1919 - 1941
  2. World War II, 1939 – 1945

Essential Questions:

  1. What were the primary objectives of U.S. foreign policy during the 1920s? How did the United States attempt to achieve these objectives?
  2. Why did the US shift from isolationism in the 1920s and 30s to eventual involvement in World War II?
  3. Explain the evolution of American diplomacy toward Japan between 1921 and 1941.
  4. How did “total war” impact both the American home front and military strategy?
  1. Foreign Policy:

Chapter 25: The Global Crisis, 1921-1941

Sub-Sections, Key Names and Terms, and Study Questions

  1. Setting the Stage 709

“Looking Ahead”

  1. What are some of the views that American expressed as the world crisis of the 1930s expanded
  2. How did the economic crisis of the world-wide Great Depression help create new political orders in many nations?
  3. What was the sequence of events between 1931 and 1941 the brought the US into military involvement in WW II?
  1. The Diplomacy of the New Era 710

1

  1. Washington Conference 1921
  2. Dawes Plan
  3. Kellogg-Briand Pact

1

Questions:

  1. What were the weaknesses of U.S. foreign policy during the 1920s?
  2. Why did the events surrounding World War I encourage the growth of isolationism in the United States during the 1920s and 1930s?

c. Isolationism and Internationalism 712

1

  1. Benito Mussolini
  1. Adolph Hitler
  2. Henry Stimson
  3. Cordell Hull
  4. Good Neighbor Policy

1

Questions:

  1. Why were the US’ diplomatic efforts and agreements of the 1920s and the early 1930s to deal with the increasing global political crises largely unsuccessful?

d.From Neutrality to Intervention 718

1

  1. Neutrality Acts 1935-37
  2. Appeasement
  3. Quarantine Speech
  4. Cash-and-Carry
  5. America First Committee
  6. Lend-Lease Act
  7. Atlantic Charter
  8. Hideki Tojo
  9. U.S. embargo on Japan
  10. Pearl Harbor

1

Questions:

  1. How did the goals of the Neutrality Acts change over the course of the 1930s? What was the reason for the change?
  2. Why did the US shift from isolationism in the 1920s and 30s to eventual involvement in World War II?
  3. How and why did US foreign policy change during the 1920s and 1930s?
  4. What was the sequence of events between 1939 and 1941 that brought the US into military involvement in WWII? Why did Japan attack Pearl Harbor?
  1. End-of-Chapter Review 725
  1. Looking Back
  2. Significant Events

Recall and Reflect, 726

g. A timeline of seven to ten key events/developments

B. World War II, 1939 – 1945.

Chapter 26: America in a World at War

Sub-Sections, Key Names and Terms, and Study Questions

  1. Setting the Stage 728

“Looking Ahead”

  1. What was the impact of the war on the US economy?
  2. How was the military experience of the US in WW II different for Europe and the Pacific?
  3. How did the war affect life on the home front especially for women, organized labor and minorities?
  1. War on Two Fronts 729

1

  1. Battle of Coral Sea
  2. Battle of Midway
  3. Guadalcanal
  4. Midway
  5. Vichy
  6. Holocaust
  7. St. Louis

1

Question:

  1. Trace the significant battles and events in the Pacific between the United States and Japan during World War II.
  1. The American People in War Time 732

1

  1. economic recovery
  2. Smith-Connally Act
  3. Colossus II
  4. Office of PriceAdministration and War Production Board
  5. A. Philip Randolph
  6. FEPC
  7. Second Great Migration
  8. CORE
  9. Code-talkers
  10. braceros program
  11. Enrico Fermi
  12. zoot-suit riots
  13. female labor/Rosie theRiveter
  14. Japanese American internment and Relocation Centers
  15. Korematsu v. U.S.

1

Questions:

  1. How did the war affect the American economy? How did it affect the New Deal?
  2. What steps did the federal government take to mobilize the nation for World War II?
  3. How did the war affect life on the home front for women, organized labor, and minorities? Which groups made notable gains from the war and which did not? Explain.
  1. The Defeat of the Axis 746

1

  1. D-Day invasion
  2. Dwight Eisenhower
  3. Battle of the Bulge
  4. Iwo Jima and Okinawa
  5. Manhattan Project
  6. Harry Truman
  7. Enola Gay
  8. Hiroshima and Nagasaki

1

Questions:

1. How did advances in technology affect the course of the military conflict?

  1. Why did the US use “Total War” strategies during World War II?
  2. What were the social effects of World War II on the US?
  3. Critics have charged the United States was morally irresponsible in using atomic weapons against Japan during World War II. Was the United States’ action moral or not?
  1. End-of-Chapter Review 754
  1. Looking Back
  2. Significant Events

Recall and Reflect, 755

f. A timeline of seven to ten key events/developments

1