COLLEGE OF MEDICINE
HMIM 224 BLOCK
The Intended Learning Outcomes (ILO’s) and
Lecture objectives
1433-1434 [2012-2013]
HMIM 224 Block (Week 1)
The intended learning outcomes / Requirement to achieve the ILO’s(Lecture objectives)
§ Discuss the structural anatomy of lymphatic system.
§ Describe the arrangement and drainage of different types of lymph nodes.
§ Describe the gross anatomy of spleen, thymus, and tonsils. /
Enlist the structures forming lymphatic system.
• Differentiate between superficial and deep lymphatic vessels.
• Describe the lymph node and enlist its functions.
• Discuss the formation of the right lymphatic duct.
• List the parts drained by the right lymphatic trunk
• Describe thoracic duct and its origin and relation.
• List the parts drained by the thoracic duct
• Explain the arrangement and drainage of different groups of axillary lymph nodes.
• Describe the gross anatomical features of spleen.
• Understand the peritoneal relations of spleen.
• Enlist the contents of gastrosplenic and lienorenal ligaments.
• Discuss the blood supply of spleen.
• Define the terms splenomegaly and spleenectomy.
• Explain the arrangement and drainage of superficial and deep inguinal lymph nodes
• Describe the arrangement of the thoracic wall and mediastinal lymph nodes
• Discuss the lymph drainage of the pelvis and abdomen
§ Enlist plasma proteins and the clinical features associated with their abnormal values.
§ Correlate the normal ranges of Red blood cells and hemoglobin with their functions.
§ Enumerate the stages of erythropoiesis. / § Summarize the plasma proteins and their function.
§ Predict the clinical features if there is change in the plasma proteins.
§ Write the functions of hemoglobin.
§ Write the normal range of RBCs and hemoglobin in male & females.
§ Write the steps of RBCs development and cell types present in bone marrow and peripheral blood.
§ Describe the microscopic features of the primary and secondary lymphoid organs.
§ Explain the differentiation of myeloid and lymphoid stem cells. / § Describe the location of lymphatic organs.
§ Describe different types of tonsils
§ Understand the arrangement of Waldeyer’s ring.
§ Explain the microscopic features of Lymph Node.
§ Define the direction of flow of lymph in the lymph node.
§ Explain the microscopic features of spleen.
§ Differentiate between the mechanism of Open and Closed Circulation in Spleen.
§ Explain the microscopic features of thymus
§ Explain the composition of whole blood.
§ List the steps used in preparing a blood smear.
§ Describe the structure of Erythrocyte.
§ Enlist different types of leucocytes.
§ Differentiate between different types of leucocytes
§ Enlist the different functions of leucocytes
§ Understand the terms used to describe increased and decreased number of different types of leucocytes
§ Explain the differentiation of myeloid and lymphoid stem cells.
§ Describe the development of red blood cells in red bone marrow.
§ Describe the development of granulocytes
§ Describe the development of agranulocytes
§ Describe the development of platelets
§ Understand the following terms: leukemia, stem cells, bone marrow transplantation
§ Identify the main metabolic pathways occur in RBCs and some diseases associated with metabolic disorders. / § Understand the general structural & functional features of red blood cells (RBCs).
§ Recognize the main metabolic pathways occurring in RBCs with reference to their relations to functions of RBCs.
§ Identify some of the main & common diseases of RBCs as implication of defects of RBCs metabolism.
§ Understand the relation of characteristic features of structure of membrane of RBCs.
§ Recognize changes occurring in aging of RBCs.
HMIM 224 Block (Week 2)
The intended learning outcomes / Requirement to achieve the ILO’s§ Describe the structural and functional criteria of hemoglobin and the clinical significance of Glycosylated hemoglobin (HBA1c).
§ Identify the genetic factors and biochemical- structural defects occurs in both thalassemia and sickle cell anemia. / § Understand the main structural & functional details of hemoglobin as one of the hemoproteins.
§ Identify types & relative concentrations of normal adult hemoglobin with reference to HBA1c with its clinical application.
§ Recognize some of the main genetic & biochemical aspects of hemoglobinopathies with some implications on clinical features (with focusing on thalassemias and sickle cell anemia).
§ Discuss different types of anemia and their effect on the body.
§ Enlist the types and functions of WBCs, and their role in cellular immunity.
§ Recognize different blood group systems and their relationship with the blood transfusion process. / § Differentiate between different types of anemia.
§ Summarize the effect of anemia on the body.
§ Recognize the different types of WBCs and their normal values.
§ Summarize the functions of each WBC and its clinical significant associated with different abnormal conditions.
§ List different types of blood group systems
§ Explain the mechanism of blood group inheritance
§ Use the knowledge of blood groups in blood transfusion.
§ Summarize the pathophysiology of Hemolytic disease of newborn.
§ Identify the general structure of porphyrin and types of porphyrias associated with metabolic defects.
§ Recognize the main steps of Heme synthesis and degradation. / § Understand the general structure of the porphyrin.
§ Discuss the main steps of synthesis of heme with reference to clinical implications.
§ Verify the types of porphyrias with explaining the biochemical bases of clinical manifestations.
§ Recognize the main steps for heme degradation.
§ Define hyperemia and its pathological effects.
§ Know the types, causes, and complications of thrombosis.
§ Recognize the types and causes of embolism and ischemia respectively. / § Understand the terminology and pathological effects of hyperemia.
§ Recognize the causes, morphological features, types and complications of thrombosis.
§ Know the definition and types of embolism.
§ Understand the causes of acute ischemia and the concept of infarction.
HMIM 224 Block (Week 3)
The intended learning outcomes / Requirement to achieve the ILO’s§ Define the biochemical role of folic acid and vitamin B12 in production of normal Red blood cells.
§ Correlate the folic acid and/or vitamin B12 deficiency with pernicious anemia.
§ Identify the role of vitamin K in blood coagulation process.
§ Correlate the vitamin K deficiency with some types of hemorrhagic diseases. / § Recognize the general biochemical aspects of water and fat soluble vitamins.
§ Understand the biochemical roles of folic acid, vitamin B12 (cobalamine), vitamin C and vitamin K in heme system.
§ Discuss biochemical and clinical aspects of folic acid deficiency and pernicious anemia.
§ Explain the relationship between vitamin K deficiency and the pathogenesis of some hemorrhagic diseases with reference to treatment.
§ Correlate the abnormalities of hemostasis with platelet and clotting factors. / § Write normal range of platelets
§ Summarize the functions of platelets.
§ Enlist the clotting factors.
§ Define the abnormalities of hemostasis.
§ Explain the mechanism of action and adverse effects of anticoagulants. / § Define anticoagulation
§ Understand iindications of anticoagulant therapy
§ Explain blood coagulation cascade
§ Describe mechanism of action of heparin and its complication.
§ Know about heparin induced thrombocytopenia and its management
§ Compare and contrast the heparin and low molecular weight heparins
§ 5-understand the differnces between oral and parenteral anticoagulants
§ List the drug interaction with warfarin
§ Explain mechanism of action and adverse effects of oral anticoagulants
§ Correlate the viral window period with the risk of transmission of infection by blood transfusion.
§ Enlist the infectious agents transmitted by blood transfusion.
§ Identify the relationship between Plasmodium infection and hemolytic and hepatic jaundice. / § Define the viral window period and genetic vertical transmission.
§ Enlist the factors that play a role in transmission of virus by blood transfusion.
§ Name the infectious diseases that could be transmitted by blood transfusion.
§ Identify the microbes that infect white and Red Blood cells.
§ Identify the viral latent infection within white blood cells.
§ Describe the microbiological characteristics of Retroviruses, Herpes viruses, Parvovirus B19, HIV, Hepatitis B and C, Treponema pallidium, and Plasmodium species.
§ Identify the life cycle of Plasmodium species.
§ Define hemorrhage and edema, and their causes and pathological effects.
§ Classify shock according to its causes. / § Enlist the causes, types and pathological effects of hemorrhage.
§ Define edema, and their causes.
§ Understand the causes and classification of shock.
HMIM 224 Block (Week 4)
The intended learning outcomes / Requirement to achieve the ILO’s§ Recognize types, pathological features, stages, and diagnostic procedure of lymphoma. / § Define lymphoma.
§ Enlist the classes of lymphoma.
§ Understand the pathological features of non-Hodgkin's and Hodgkin's lymphoma.
§ Understand the diagnosis and staging of lymphoma.
§ Enlist the antiplatelet drugs according to mechanism of action and their properties.
§ Explain the mechanism of action and major indications for fibrinolytics and antifibrinolytics. / § Explain the role of platelets in in thromboembolic diseases.
§ List the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, adverse effects and major indications of aspirin.
§ Enumerate the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetic, major uses and adverse effects of ADP receptor antagonist.
§ Explain the mechanism of action and major uses of GPIIb/IIIa-receptor antagonist.
§ List the commonly used antiplatelet.
§ Describe the mechanism of action of athrombolytic drugs such as streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA).
§ Explain the role of platelets in in thromboembolic diseases.
§ List the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, adverse effects and major indications of aspirin.
§ Enumerate the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetic, major uses and adverse effects of ADP receptor antagonist.
§ Explain the mechanism of action and major uses of GPIIb/IIIa-receptor antagonist.
§ List other commonly used antiplatelet.
§ Enumerate the commonly used anti-fibrinolytics with their mode of action and common indications.
§ Classify anemia according to morphological variations in Red blood cells and causes.
§ Differentiate between types of anemia according to laboratory findings and results interpretation. / § Identify the red blood cells indices.
§ Explain the morphological classification of anemia.
§ List the different types of anemia.
§ Differentiate between types of microcytic hypochromic anemia.
§ Explain the laboratory findings of iron deficiency anemia and thalassemia.
§ Discriminate between hemoglobin electrophoresis of different types of thalassemia.
§ Identify the types of macrocytic normochromic anemia and the laboratory findings of megaloblastic anemia.
§ Describe the cause and laboratory features of aplastic anemia.
§ Summarize the different types and mechanisms of hemolytic anemia.
§ Explain the hereditary causes and hemoglobin electrophoresis of sickle cell anemia.
§ Recognize the relationship between pentose phosphate pathway, the coenzyme NADPH and G6PD enzymatic activity.
§ Correlate the G6PD deficiency with hemolytic anemia. / § Understand the main functional concepts for pentose phosphate pathway ( hexose monophosphate pathway).
§ Identify the main general uses of NADPH for normal cellular metabolism with special focus on its role in antioxidant mechanisms.
§ Describe the genetic & biochemical basis of glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD deficiency).
§ Recognize the precipitating factors for G6PD deficiency anemia.
§ Recall classes of G6PD deficiency anemia (as indicated by variants of G6P dehydrogenase enzyme).
§ Discuss the biochemical & clinical rationale for lines of diagnosis of G6PD deficiency anemia.
§ Define natural barriers to infection.
§ Identify the role of defense mechanism of natural barriers in preventing of infection. / § Enlist the physical and chemical barriers of innate immunity.
§ Identify the role of natural barriers in protection of human body.
§ Discuss the inhibitory mechanism by which normal flora prevent pathogenic colonization of exogenous microbes.
§ Identify the factors that play a role in establishment of infection.
HMIM 224 Block (Week 5)
The intended learning outcomes / Requirement to achieve the ILO’s§ Recognize the mechanism of iron absorption, distribution, and excretion in the body.
§ Discuss iron deficiency and toxicity, and the laboratory investigations required for evaluation of iron status.
§ Identify plasma proteins, their metabolism and function.
§ Define the methods of plasma proteins measurement, and its clinical significance in diagnosis of some diseases of white blood cells and immunity. / § Recall sources and requirements of dietary iron.
§ Explain factors affecting absorption of iron from GIT.
§ Discuss iron distribution and excretion in the body.
§ Recognize laboratory assessment investigations for iron status.
§ Understand causes of iron deficiencies and iron overload with reference to clinical consequences.
§ Review the general physiological functions & metabolism of plasma proteins.
§ Understand main lines of plasma protein measurement.
§ Discuss the main concepts of plasma protein electrophoresis as a semi-quantitative method for protein measurement in clinical labs.
§ Recognize the main biochemical, pathological & clinical aspects of some of the plasma proteins as prealbumin, albumin, gamma globulins & acute phase proteins.
§ Define humoral and cellular immunity.
§ Recognize the role of lymphocytes in natural defense and different clinical conditions. / § Define humoral and cell-mediated immunity
§ Summarize the function of lymphocytes.
§ Write types and functions of T lymphocytes
§ Discuss the role of lymphocytes in different clinical conditions.
§ Enumerate the classes, causes, and types of leukemia.
§ Know the clinical picture, prognosis, and laboratory diagnostic methods of different types of leukemia. / § Define acute and chronic leukemia.
§ Classify acute and chronic leukemia.
§ Enumerate causes and types of acute leukemia.
§ Apply the clinical features and investigations of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).
§ Explain the morphological classification and prognosis of ALL.
§ Identify the clinical picture and laboratory diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
§ Summarize the clinical features and laboratory characteristics of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-cell CLL)
§ Recognize the clinical picture and laboratory findings of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).
§ Define the self-recognition, antigens, and Hapten.
§ Recognize the components of innate immunity, and its activity during inflammation. / § Define self-recognition, antigen, immunogen, Superantigen, and Hapten.
§ Identify the role of cell receptors in self-recognition and epitope interaction.
§ Describe the importance of Land-Steiner’s experiment in identification of immunogen and Hapten.
§ Compare between T-cell dependent and T-cell independent antigens.
§ Define innate immunity.
§ Enlist the soluble inflammatory mediators of innate immunity.
§ Recognize the type and mechanism of cellular interaction during innate immune response.
§ Recognize the causes, pathogenesis, clinical features, and diagnostic criteria of systemic lupus erythematosus. / § Identify the terminology and causes of Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
§ Understand the pathogenesis of SLE.
§ Know the clinical presentation and features of SLE.
§ Discuss the pathological changes of SLE on different body organs.
§ Understand the diagnostic criteria for SLE.
HMIM 224 Block (Week 6)