Biology: The Study of Life SNC 2P

Lesson 5 – The organization of the Human Animal

The human animalis a complex organism that is made up of many different kinds of cells. These different cells are organized into a hierarchy: cells form tissue, and different types of tissue are the basis organs. A number of organs together perform a task as an organ system. We will look at several of these systems (the digestive, cardiovascular and respiratory systems) in later lessons.

Specialized Cells

As humans, we began as a single cell that divide and differentiated into as many as 200 different types of ______cells. Different cells can have special structures depending on the job they do.

Some examples of specialized cells are found on p.55 of your text. Describe their function and view as many of them as possible through a microscope. (see activity on p.57, a selection is available from the teacher)

Specialized cell / Function
Red Blood cell
Skin cell
Bone cell
Skeletal muscle cell
Fat cell
Nerve cell
Hair cells


Think about the cells you observed and summarized the differences in their shapes.

Think about it

(2.9, 2.10, 3.1)

Matching

Specialized cell / A cell that performs a certain function
Organ / Two or more tissue that work together
Tissue / Similar cells that have a specific function
Organ system / Two or more organs that work together
hierarchy / levels of increasing/decreasing complexity

Villi are small fold like structures that have blood vessels inside of them found in the intestines. Their outer cells have microvilli that protrude from them. What do you think is the function of this specialized tissue?

List an examples of each a specialized cell, a tissue, an organ that make up an organ system.

Organs and Organ Systems (70-71)

______carry out the basic life functions in the human body. Here are the basic functions of 7 human systems:

Organ System / Function
Nervous System
Respiratory System
Reproductive System
Musculoskeletal System
Circulatory System
Digestive System
Excretory System

Make a list of the specialized cells found in the stomach (organ). Why are so many different kinds of cells are are necessary?

Most animals have many of the same organ systems. Why do you think there are not many different kinds of organs and systems when animals are so different?

Animal Tissue (72-76)

List the 4 major types of animal tissue: ______, ______, ______and ______.

The two types of tissue are responsible for covering, connecting and supporting are:

·  ______tightly packed cells covering surfaces and internal organs

·  ______made of living and non-living components

·  ______tissue made living tissue surrounded by non-living material (provides support and protection)

·  ______makes up brain and spinal cord and carries electrical signals

·  ______cells that are specialized to shorten or contract to allow movement

Name tree types of muscle cells

Stem Cells (77-78)

Where to the specialized cells come from?

The Cell Cycle is responsible for the myriad of specialized cells that are found in the human body. ______cells are cells that can keep dividing and producing cells that then become specialized.

Describe the process of adults from other body cells:

What stands in the way of stem cell therapy?

How could stem cell treatments help a patient with a chronic disease?