Table of Contents
Maps
/ xii
Preface / xiv
About the Authors / xvii
A Small, Far-Off Land
/ 1 / (12)
Historical Sketch
/ 1 / (5)
Why Study the Greeks?
/ 6 / (1)
Who Were the Greeks?
/ 7 / (4)
The Structure of This Book: History, Culture, and Society
/ 11 / (2)
Key Terms
/ 11 / (1)
Further Reading
/ 11 / (2)
Country and People
/ 13 / (16)
Greek Geography, Climate, and Agriculture
/ 13 / (4)
Demography
/ 17 / (1)
Migration
/ 18 / (1)
Health and Disease
/ 19 / (3)
Nutrition
/ 22 / (4)
Economic Growth in Ancient Greece
/ 26 / (3)
Key Terms
/ 27 / (1)
Further Reading
/ 27 / (2)
The Greeks at Home
/ 29 / (13)
Gender Relationships: Ideals and Realities
/ 29 / (6)
Sexuality
/ 35 / (3)
Adults and Children
/ 38 / (4)
Key Terms
/ 41 / (1)
Further Reading
/ 41 / (1)
The Greeks Before History, 12,000--1200 B.C.
/ 42 / (30)
The End of the Last Ice Age, 12,000--11,000 B.C.
/ 42 / (1)
The Origins of Agriculture, 11,000--5000 B.C.
/ 43 / (2)
Greeks and Indo-Europeans
/ 45 / (1)
Neolithic Society and Economy, 5000--3000 B.C.
/ 46 / (2)
The Early Bronze Age, 3000--2300 B.C.
/ 48 / (2)
The Middle Bronze Age, 2300--1800 B.C.
/ 50 / (1)
The Age of Minoan Palaces, 2000--1600 B.C.
/ 51 / (9)
The Rise of Mycenaean Greece, 1750--1500 B.C.
/ 60 / (3)
The End of Minoan Civilization, 1600--1400 B.C.
/ 63 / (1)
Mycenaean Greece: Archaeology, Linear B, and Homer
/ 63 / (4)
The End of the Bronze Age, circa 1200 B.C.
/ 67 / (5)
Key Terms
/ 70 / (1)
Further Reading
/ 71 / (1)
The Dark Age, 1200--700 B.C.
/ 72 / (21)
The Collapse of the Old States
/ 72 / (1)
Life Among the Ruins
/ 73 / (2)
Dark Age Heroes
/ 75 / (1)
Art and Trade in the Dark Age
/ 76 / (1)
The Eighth-Century Renaissance: Economy
/ 77 / (3)
Eighth-Century Renaissance: Society
/ 80 / (6)
The Eighth-Century Renaissance: Culture
/ 86 / (4)
Conclusion
/ 90 / (3)
Key Terms
/ 91 / (1)
Further Reading
/ 91 / (2)
Homer
/ 93 / (24)
The Homeric Question
/ 93 / (3)
Milman Parry and Oral Poetry
/ 96 / (3)
The Oral Poet in Homer
/ 99 / (1)
Heinrich Schliemann and the Trojan War
/ 99 / (2)
The Tragic Iliad
/ 101 / (5)
Homer and the Invention of Plot
/ 106 / (1)
The Comic Odyssey
/ 107 / (8)
Odysseus and Homer
/ 115 / (2)
Key Terms
/ 116 / (1)
Further Reading
/ 116 / (1)
Religion and Myth
/ 117 / (31)
Definitions of Religion and Myth
/ 117 / (2)
Hesiod's Myth of the Origin of the Gods
/ 119 / (3)
Greek Religion in History
/ 122 / (1)
Forms of Greek Religious Practice
/ 123 / (6)
Hesiod's Myth of Sacrifice
/ 129 / (1)
Gods and Other Mysterious Beings
/ 130 / (7)
Chthonic Religion
/ 137 / (2)
The Ungrateful Dead and the Laying of the Ghost
/ 139 / (2)
Ecstatic and Mystical Religion
/ 141 / (4)
Conclusion
/ 145 / (3)
Key Terms
/ 146 / (1)
Further Reading
/ 147 / (1)
Archaic Greece, 700--480 B.C.: Economy, Society, Politics
/ 148 / (23)
Government by Oligarchy
/ 148 / (8)
Elite Culture
/ 156 / (8)
The Tyrants
/ 164 / (3)
The Structure of Archaic States
/ 167 / (2)
Conclusion
/ 169 / (2)
Key Terms
/ 170 / (1)
Further Reading
/ 170 / (1)
The Archaic Cultural Revolution, 700--480 B.C.
/ 171 / (22)
Natural Philosophy in Miletus
/ 172 / (2)
Pythagoras: Philosophy and Social Science in the West
/ 174 / (2)
Hecataeus, Herodotus, and Historie
/ 176 / (1)
Material Culture
/ 177 / (14)
Art and Thought in Sixth-Century Greece
/ 191 / (2)
Key Terms
/ 191 / (1)
Further Reading
/ 192 / (1)
A Tale of Two Archaic Cities: Sparta and Athens, 700--480 B.C.
/ 193 / (28)
Sparta
/ 194 / (1)
Spartiates, Perioikoi, and Helots
/ 194 / (3)
Plutarch's Sparta
/ 197 / (6)
Spartan Government
/ 203 / (1)
Athens
/ 204 / (1)
The Seventh-Century Crisis
/ 204 / (2)
Solon
/ 206 / (3)
Pisistratus and the Consequences of Solon's Reforms
/ 209 / (9)
Demokratia
/ 214 / (4)
Athens Submits to Persia
/ 218 / (3)
Key Terms
/ 219 / (1)
Further Reading
/ 219 / (2)
Persia and the Greeks, 550--490 B.C.
/ 221 / (27)
Empires of the Ancient Near East
/ 221 / (4)
Lydia
/ 225 / (1)
Cyrus and the Rise of Persia, 559--530 B.C.
/ 226 / (6)
Cambyses and Darius, 530--521 B.C.
/ 232 / (5)
Persia's Northwest Frontier and the Ionian Revolt, 521--494 B.C.
/ 237 / (5)
The Battle of Marathon, 490 B.C.
/ 242 / (6)
Key Terms
/ 247 / (1)
Further Reading
/ 247 / (1)
The Great War, 480--479 B.C.
/ 248 / (20)
Storm Clouds in the West
/ 249 / (3)
Storm Clouds in the East
/ 252 / (1)
The Storm Breaks in the West: The Battle of Himera, 480 B.C.
/ 253 / (1)
The Storm Breaks in the East: The Battle of Thermopylae, 480 B.C.
/ 254 / (4)
The Fall of Athens
/ 258 / (1)
The Battle of Salamis
/ 258 / (3)
The End of the Storm: Battles of Plataea and Mycale, 479 B.C.
/ 261 / (4)
Conclusion
/ 265 / (3)
Key Terms
/ 266 / (1)
Further Reading
/ 267 / (1)
Democracy and Empire: Athens and Syracuse, 479--431 B.C.
/ 268 / (20)
The Expansion of the Syracusan State, 479--461 B.C.
/ 269 / (2)
The Western Democracies, 461--433 B.C.
/ 271 / (1)
Economic Growth in Western Greece, 479--433 B.C.
/ 272 / (1)
Cimon and the Creation of the Athenian Empire, 478--461
/ 273 / (3)
The First Peloponnesian War, 460--446 B.C.
/ 276 / (2)
Pericles and the Consolidation of Athenian Power, 446--433 B.C.
/ 278 / (1)
Economic Growth in the Aegean
/ 279 / (5)
The Edge of the Abyss, 433--431 B.C.
/ 284 / (4)
Key Terms
/ 286 / (1)
Further Reading
/ 286 / (2)
Art and Thought in the Fifth Century B.C.
/ 288 / (26)
Philosophy
/ 289 / (5)
Material Culture
/ 294 / (20)
Key Terms
/ 312 / (1)
Further Reading
/ 312 / (2)
Fifth-Century Drama
/ 314 / (20)
Tragedy
/ 314 / (5)
The City Dionysia
/ 319 / (1)
The Theater of Dionysus
/ 320 / (1)
Narrative Structure
/ 321 / (3)
Character and Other Dimensions of Tragedy
/ 324 / (2)
Tragic Plots
/ 326 / (1)
Conclusion
/ 327 / (1)
The Origins of Comedy
/ 328 / (1)
The Plots of Old Comedy
/ 328 / (1)
The Structures of Old Comedy
/ 329 / (3)
Conclusion
/ 332 / (2)
Key Terms
/ 332 / (1)
Further Reading
/ 333 / (1)
The Peloponnesian War and Its Aftermath, 431--399 B.C.
/ 334 / (31)
The Archidamian War, 431--421 B.C.
/ 335 / (7)
The Peace of Nicias and the Sicilian Expedition, 421--413 B.C.
/ 342 / (10)
Sicily and the Carthaginian War, 412--404 B.C.
/ 352 / (2)
The Ionian War, 412--404 B.C.
/ 354 / (5)
Aftermath, 404--399 B.C.
/ 359 / (3)
Conclusion
/ 362 / (3)
Key Terms
/ 363 / (1)
Further Reading
/ 363 / (2)
The Greeks between Persia and Carthage, 399--360 B.C.
/ 365 / (16)
Sparta's Empire, 404--360 B.C.
/ 365 / (5)
Economy, Society, and War
/ 370 / (2)
Sparta's Collapse, 371 B.C.
/ 372 / (1)
Anarchy in the Aegean, 371--360 B.C.
/ 373 / (1)
Carthage and Syracuse, 404--360 B.C.
/ 374 / (4)
The Golden Age of Syracuse, 393--367 B.C.
/ 378 / (1)
Anarchy in the West, 367--345 B.C.
/ 378 / (1)
Conclusion
/ 379 / (2)
Key Terms
/ 380 / (1)
Further Reading
/ 380 / (1)
Greek Culture in the Fourth Century B.C.
/ 381 / (20)
Material Culture
/ 381 / (9)
Plato
/ 390 / (5)
Aristotle
/ 395 / (4)
Conclusion
/ 399 / (2)
Key Terms
/ 399 / (1)
Further Reading
/ 400 / (1)
The Warrior-Kings of Macedon, 359--323 B.C.
/ 401 / (37)
Macedonia before Philip II
/ 401 / (3)
Philip's Struggle for Survival, 359--357 B.C.
/ 404 / (1)
Philip Consolidates His Position, 357--352 B.C.
/ 405 / (2)
Philip Seeks a Greek Peace, 352--346 B.C.
/ 407 / (2)
The Struggle for a Greek Peace, 346--338 B.C.
/ 409 / (2)
Philip's End, 338--336 B.C.
/ 411 / (1)
Alexander the King
/ 412 / (2)
The Conquest of Persia, 334--330 B.C.
/ 414 / (11)
Alexander the God, 330--323 B.C.
/ 425 / (8)
The Last Days, 324--323 B.C.
/ 433 / (2)
Conclusion
/ 435 / (3)
Key Terms
/ 436 / (1)
Further Reading
/ 436 / (2)
The Hellenistic Century, 323--220 B.C.
/ 438 / (35)
The Wars of the Successors, 323--301 B.C.
/ 439 / (5)
The Hellenistic World after Ipsus
/ 444 / (2)
The Seleucid Empire
/ 446 / (3)
Ptolemaic Egypt
/ 449 / (5)
The Antigonids: Macedonia
/ 454 / (1)
The Poleis
/ 455 / (3)
Athens in Decline
/ 458 / (1)
Sparta's Counterrevolution
/ 458 / (4)
The Western Greeks: Agathocles of Syracuse (361--289/8 B.C.)
/ 462 / (2)
Pyrrhus of Epirus
/ 464 / (3)
Hellenistic Society: The Weakening of the Egalitarian Ideal
/ 467 / (3)
Conclusion
/ 470 / (3)
Key Terms
/ 471 / (1)
Further Reading
/ 471 / (2)
Hellenistic Culture, 323--30 B.C.
/ 473 / (27)
Hellenistic Historians
/ 473 / (2)
Poetry
/ 475 / (3)
Material Culture
/ 478 / (9)
Hellenistic Philosophy
/ 487 / (4)
Medicine
/ 491 / (3)
Quantitative Science in the Hellenistic Age
/ 494 / (4)
Conclusion
/ 498 / (2)
Key Terms
/ 498 / (1)
Further Reading
/ 498 / (2)
The Coming of Rome, 220--30 B.C.
/ 500 / (31)
The Rise of Rome, 753--280 B.C.
/ 500 / (3)
Rome, Carthage, and the Western Greeks, 280--200 B.C.
/ 503 / (4)
Rome Breaks the Hellenistic Empires, 200--167 B.C.
/ 507 / (4)
Consequences of the Wars: The Greeks
/ 511 / (2)
Consequences of the Wars: The Romans
/ 513 / (3)
New Roman Army
/ 516 / (1)
The Agony of the Aegean, 99--70 B.C.
/ 517 / (4)
Pompey's Greek Settlement, 70--62 B.C.
/ 521 / (1)
The End of Hellenistic Egypt, 61--30 B.C.
/ 522 / (6)
Aftermath
/ 528 / (3)
Key Terms
/ 529 / (1)
Further Reading
/ 530 / (1)
Conclusion
/ 531
The Bronze Age (C. 3000--1200 B.C.; Chapter 4)
/ 531 / (1)
The Dark Age (C. 1200--700 B.C.; Chapter 5)
/ 531 / (1)
The Archaic Period (C. 700--500 B.C.; Chapters 6--10)
/ 532 / (1)
The Classical Period (C. 500--350 B.C.; Chapters 11--18)
/ 532 / (1)
The Macedonian Takeover (C. 350--323 B.C.; Chapter 19)
/ 533 / (1)
The Hellenistic Period (C. 323--30 B.C.; Chapters 20--22)
/ 533 / (1)
Conclusion
/ 534
Chronological Chart / 1 / (1)
Notes / 1 / (1)
Credits / 1 / (1)
Pronunciation Guide / 1 / (1)
Index / 1
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