The Emergency – Packet by Jerry Vinokurov
Tossups
1. One battle by this name took place after fighting at Beaver Dam Creek and Mechanicsville, and saw the losing side retreat across the Chickahominy River. That battle is sometimes known as the Battle of Gaines' Mill, and was the last significant action of the Seven Days' Battles which ended the Peninsular campaign. The more famous battle of this name saw Baldy Smith's corps directed to New Castle Ferry instead of the place which gives this battle its name, while Horatio Wright's 6th Corps was sent to relieve Sheridan, who had led the initial charge at this battle. That battle saw one side advance across the Totopotomoy Creek after the battle of Spotsylvania Courthouse, before assaulting earthworks erected by the winning side. After that battle, the culmination of the Overland Campaign, the losing forces under Ulysses Grant turned south to begin the Petersburg campaign. For ten points, identify the name shared by these two battles, the second of which took place in 1864 and which represented the last major victory for the Confederates under Robert E. Lee.
Answer: Battle of Cold Harbor
2. At one point in this work, the title character notes that "Life still leaves human effort scope, but since life teems with ill, nurse no extravagant hope." In this work's second section, one character asks another for the rest of Pantheia's story, and after praising a certain harp-player, the title character of this work promises to "revisit Catana." One character in this work retells the story of Apollo's flaying of Marsyas, and that same character concludes this work with the image of Apollo and the muses singing of "The night in her silence, the stars in their calm." This poem's first section consists of a conversation between Pausanias and Callicles, while the the last section contains a dialogue between the title character and Callicles, who is marked as speaking "from below." The title character concludes his life by noting that he has "loved no darkness, sophisticated no truth, nursed no delusion," before crying "Leap and roar, thou sea of fire," and plunging "into the crater." For ten points, identify this dramatic poem about the demise of a Greek philosopher, written by Matthew Arnold.
Answer: Empedocles on Etna
3. This piece inspired Sergey Lyapunov's Lezhghinka, which was subtitled "in the style of" this work's composer. Ricardo Vines, in addition to giving the first French performances of Pictures at an Exhibition and Prokofiev's Sarcasmes, also gave the first French performance of this work. Prominent performers of this work include Georgy Cziffry and Simon Barere, and a notable orchestration of this work was arranged by Alfredo Casella. Most editions of this work include numerous alternative passages called ossias, and throughout this work its opening theme is embellished through the use of double thirds and octave figurations. First performed in 1869 by the man to whom it was dedicated, Nicholas Rubenstein, the first part of this work is marked "allegro agitato," and is built around the Caucasian folk music which inspired this composition, as well as other works of the same composer such as "Georgian Song" and "Tamara." Ravel's goal was to make Gaspard de la Nuit more difficult than, for ten points, what notoriously intractable "Oriental Fantasy," composed by Mily Balakirev?
Answer: Islamey
4. After leaving office following his first term at his highest post, this politician established a monopoly on chickpeas in his country, but was assassinated by Jose de Leon Torral before he could assume that office once more, after which point that office would briefly be held by Emilio Portes Gil. This politician's reformist intentions were signaled by his appointment of Jose Vasconcelos as minister of education, and his government was not recognized by the Unites States until the Bucareli Conference, three years after his election. In his first significant military role, this man led a force of volunteers against the rebellion of Pascual Orozco, and as an early ally of Venustiano Carranza, this man led the forces that expelled Victoriano Huerta from Mexico City. At the Battle of Celaya in 1915, he would triumph over the forces of Pancho Villa, and he later turned on Carranza due to the latter's reactionary policies, leading the forces that would overthrow him. A member of the so-called "northern dynasty" with Elias Plutarco Calles, whose term came between this man's two elections, for ten points, identify this man who served as Mexico's president from 1920 until 1924 and was elected again in 1928 before being assassinated.
Answer: Alvaro Obregon
5. Emil Forchammer was the first European to excavate the ruins of his polity, whose relics were preserved from destruction by Gordon Luce during World War II. Growing out of the indigenous Pyu culture, the city which gives this polity its name was known as the City of the Enemy Crusher. Included by Chau Ju-Kua as one of the twenty-one kindgoms with which China had commercial relations, its last king was Kyawzwa, and after his death, many of the relics of this polity were destroyed by the Shan people. Succeeded by the kingdom of Ava, this polity derived much of its culture from the conquest of the Mon kingdom of Thaton and adopted Theravada Buddhism from Sri Lanka. The first kindgom to unify the territory corresponding to the present-day country in which it was located, it was ruled by such kings as Alaungsithu and Narapatisithu, though its greatest ruler was Anawrahta, who built the Schwezigon Pagoda in the city that gives this kingdom its name. For ten points, identify this kindgom which existed from about 850 to 1287 C.E. in modern-day Burma.
Answer: Pagan
6. The Couinaud system is often used to designate the segments of this organ, and one cell type here differentiates from ovalocytes, which can be found in this organ’s Canals of Herring. Lymph in this organ originates from the Space of Mall, and this organ is covered by a layer of mesothelial cells called Glisson’s Capsule. Another section of this organ contains fat-storing Ito cells and is known as the Space of Disse, and this organ is bisected by the falciform ligament. Kupffer cells are the macrophages that localize here, and Hers’ disease is caused by a mutation in this organ’s glycogen phosphorylase enzyme. It also synthesizes IGF-1 and other somatomedins, along with several blood clotting factors and bile. FTP, name this organ containing a notable portal vein, which is damaged in cirrhosis.
ANSWER: Liver
7. In one work in this collection, Jim Sanford misplaces the deposits made to his bank, but is prevented from skipping town by his wife's sense of honor. In another work, the title character, Claude Williams, pursues Lucindy Kennedy but later ends up marrying Nina Haldeman out of spite. In addition to "A 'Good Fellow's' Wife" and "The Creamery Man," this collection includes the tale of the Haskins family who are swindled by the land speculator Jim Butler, as well Edward Smith, who returns from the Civil War to his farm only to find that "his farm was mortgaged," and "a rascally rented had run away with his machinery," in "The Return of a Private." This work's 1891 edition featured an introduction by William Dean Howells who praised it for portraying characters "whom our satirists find so easy to caricature as Hayseeds," and those characters include Will Hanlon, who persuades Agnes Dingman to abandon her farmer husband in the story "A Branch Road." More famous is the story of Howard, an actor who attempts to buy back his family home for his mother and brother Grant in "Up the Coolly." For ten points, identify this story collection set largely in its author's native Wisconsin and including the story "Under the Lion's Paw," written by Hamlin Garland.
Answer: Main-Traveled Roads
8. Two nude women, one of whom holds a plant that grows in the center of the painting while the titular object floats in the upper left, are depicted in this artist's Postcard. The title nude figure is painted in grisaille and sits with a book and the title creature in her lap in this artist's Woman With a Cat. A member of the Beehive artists' collective, this painter's early works include a series of abstract studies entitled Contrast of Forms, and the influence of the Purism of Amadee Ozenfant on this artist can be seen in his painting which depicts the titular figure sailing down the Seine, The Bargeman. This artist's transition into his best known period began with his 1917 painting The Card Party, and the most famous piece of that period depicts the titular nudes in this painter's characteristic "tubist" style and is entitled Three Women.In other media, this artist is probably best known for his work on a film scored by George Antheil for 16 player pianos and containing photography by Man Ray. Most famous for his works such as Mechanical Elements which depict various machinery, for ten points, identify this French Cubist who conceived of and directed the movie Ballet Mechanique.
Answer: Fernand Leger
9. This work argues that "if one believes... Gramsci," then there is no need to claim that "only Jews can understand Jewish suffering," in a section dedicated to "Discrepant Experiences." In the second section of this work, both Daudet's Tartarin of Tarascon and Maupassant's Bel-Ami are presented as depicting the abuse of a certain country, while the invention of a "new encyclopedic form," of which Joyce's "fusing of the Odyssey with the Wandering Jew" is held to be the "most ingenious," is the subject of a section entitled "A Note on Modernism." This work's third chapter begins with a quotation from Aimee Cesare and is entitled "Resistance and Opposition," while another section of this work approvingly cites Raymond Williams' The Country and the City to the effect that in a certain writer's work, "where only one class is seen, no classes are seen." Its second chapter, entitled "Consolidated Vision," describes the perpetrator of the titular condition "at work," in an essay on Verdi's Aida, and that second chapter also includes a controversial discussion of Jane Austen's Mansfield Park in relation to the two title concepts. For ten points, identify this book envisioned as a follow-up to Orientalism by its author Edward Said.
Answer: Culture and Imperialism
10. Dormand and Woolfson proposed a collision theory of this process, while a mechanism proposed by Linden-Bell and Pringle was the foundation for a monistic theory of this process. The capture theory of this process updates the Jeans model, which seeks to explain this process through fragmentation under tidal forces. Harold Jeffreys criticized the Jeans tidal theory of this process by noting that vorticity calculations implied that two bodies resulting from this process would have the same rotational period, while Henry Russell argued that the Jeans theory would result in a semilatus rectum no greater than the diameter of the largest object formed by this process. Maxwell noted that Laplace's theory of this process, which involved condensation of concentric rings, failed due to angular momentum considerations, though a more recent nebular collapse theory of this process is supported by detection of other protoplanetary disks. For ten points, identify this process which resulted in the formation of such bodies as Mars, Jupiter, and Earth, as well as the object they orbit.
Answer: formation of the solar system (accept logical equivalents)
11. Nadia Landman played this instrument in Heather Nova's live band as well as on the album Siren. Vyvienne Long has played this instrument on two Damien Rice albums, and this instrument is also played by the frontman of the Ken Oak Band. The Finnish band Apocalyptica consists of four musicians who play this instrument, often covering Metallica songs, and two of the three members of Rasputina also play this instrument. This instrument is played by Eric Remschneider on the Smashing Pumpkins' album Siamese Dream in the songs "Luna" and "Disarm," and Kera Schaley plays the opening melody of Nirvana's "All Apologies" on this instrument. Also sounding during the opening of Led Zeppelin's "Kashmir," for ten points, identify this instrument, two of which together with four violins and two violas, make up the string section of The Beatles' "Eleanor Rigby."
Answer: cello
12. This individual was an object of cult worship at Sicyon until the tyrant Cleisthenes substituted Dionysus in his place. One ally of this figure married his daughter Deiphyle, making this man the maternal grandfather of a companion of Odysseus who wounded both Ares and Aphrodite during the Trojan War. During one of this man's famous defeats, he was rescued by the offspring of Poseidon and Demeter, the talking horse Arion, and his sister used Harmonia's necklace to persuade his cousin to engage in a certain undertaking. Driven out of Argos by Amphiaraus after the latter killed his father Talaus and married his sister Eriphyle, this man was prophesied to be the only survivor of a certain endeavor. This man died of grief at Megara after the death of his son Aegialeos during the expedition of the Epigoni, which was organized ten years after this man led such heroes as Tydeus, Parthenopaeus, and Polynices in an assault against a certain city. For ten points, identify this Argive king, the only one to survive the original expedition of the Seven against Thebes.
Answer: Adrastus
13. This organization's founder declared that its goal was the Omoul nou, and after the second suppression of this organization, a counterpart to it was formed called the Party of the Nation. Divided into subunits called "nests," this organization's members swore to obey the "six fundamental laws," and its echipa mortii units frequently clashed with the Lancers of the National Christian party. Stanley Payne referred to this organization as "probably the most unusual mass movement of interwar Europe," and they were compared to a similar movement in a country to the west of its native one by Nicholas Nagy-Talavera in his work The Green Shirts and the Others. Founded as an offshoot of the League of the Archangel Michael, this organization was suppressed once only to reform as a movement named "Everything for the Fatherland." In 1940, members of this organization assassinated Nicolae Iorga, and this group was suppressed during the dictatorship of Carol II by the policies of Armand Calinescu, who was also killed by this group. Founded in 1930 by Corneliu Codreanu, for ten points, identify this leading fascist organization of Romania until 1941.
Answer: Iron Guard or Garda de Fier
14. The Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi coupling reaction creates this functional group from CrCl3 and a vinyl halide, while a reaction that removes this functionality initially converts it into a xanthate. The Noyori asymmetric hydrogenation creates one of these functionalities, and another reaction that removes this functional group uses tributyltin hydride. In addition to the Chugaev reaction and the Barton-McCombie reaction, and addition PPh3 and DEAD converts this functional group to an ester in the Mitsunobu reaction. PBr3 converts this functionality into an alkyl bromide, while this group is converted into a carboxylic acid when applying the Jones reagent. Also the product of a ketone’s reaction with a Grignard reagent, FTP, name this functional group that consists of a carbon bonded to –OH.
ANSWER: Alcohol or Hydroxyl
15. According to an introduction by Sartre, this work, written entirely in prison, has "only one subject, Fatality," and is "the height of aloofness," as well as "an epic of masturbation." A large section of this work concerns the recollections of Louis Culafroy about his affairs with Alberto and Gabriel and relationship with Seck Gorgui, who is based on the narrator's recollections of Clement Village. Later, that same character gets into a fight with Mimosa, and the title character of this work steals 300,000 francs from a safe with Marchetti, who eventually runs off with the money. This work opens by describing the murders committed by Negro Angel Sun and Maurice Pilorge, among others, as well as the death of a "young ensign" who "committed treason for treason's sake," and the author states this book is written in honor of their crimes. At the end of this work, Darling Daintyfoot is arrested for stealing, while the title character is tortured and confesses to a previous murder, for which he is executed. Also including the story of the transvestite prostitute Divine, for ten points, identify this work about Adrien Baillou, the first novel of Jean Genet.