U.S History Name ______
The Articles of Confederation (1777-1789)
Background:
During the Revolutionary War, the American colonies needed to coordinate their efforts against Britain. They created an emergency government to raise money for the war effort called The Continental Congress. After the Revolution, with the Treaty of Paris, the colonies were officially independent from Great Britain. They needed to create a system of government to run this new nation. The first system created was known as The Articles of Confederation and was adopted on November 15, 1777. In its final form, the Articles of Confederation were comprised of a preamble and 13 articles (sections).
Approved by the last of the 13 American states, Maryland, in 1781, the Articles became the ruling government in the new nation. The Articles created a nation that was "a league of friendship and perpetual union."
Directions: Review the chart and complete the questions.
The Articles of Confederation
Structure
/· One branch of government: Congress, responsible for making national laws
· Each state had one (1) vote in Congress and could make its own state level laws
· There was no chief executive (President)
· There was no judicial branch (court system) on a national level
Decision-making
/ · 9 out of 13 states had to approve an idea before it could become a law· All the states had to agree to change an existing law
Money and Finances
/· The Articles of Confederation could not collect taxes
· The A of C had to ask the individual states for money
· The A of C could print and borrow money· Each state could manage trade with other states
· Each state could tax its residents
Protection
/ · The Articles managed agreements with other countries and Native Americans· The Articles of Confederation could appoint military officers
· But only the states could establish militias, no national army
Other / The A of C created
· a postal system (for sending letters)
· weights and measures
· courts
· consequences for piracy (arrrrrr, matey!!)
1. WHERE did the Articles of Confederation place the most government power? (HINT look for repeated words). ______Give two examples from the chart.
2. WHY do you think the first government of the United States was set up this way?
3. HOW was America’s first government different from colonial governments under Britain? How was it similar?
NOTE: The following situations are NOT 100% accurate- but they are based in reality and will help you think about the Articles of Confederation.
Directions:
· Read each case study with your partner
· Use the chart about the Articles of Confederation from class and
· Explain whether the Articles of Confederation could solve this problem (bullet point notes)
1. Johnny Goudreault, French ambassador, tells Congress that France needs the money it lent America during the Revolution- immediately. Can the Articles of Confederation solve this problem? Why/Why not?
2. Cindy Xiong is a Loyalist who fled the colonies during the Revolution and has returned to reclaim her property in Dover, MA. According to the Treaty of Paris, she should get her land. However, Massachusetts has passed a law that ignores the claims of former Loyalists. She asks the Articles of Confederation to intervene. Can the Articles of Confederation solve this problem? Why/Why not?
3. A group of poor farmers in Massachusetts, led by Trevor Bowman and Chase Almy is angered by war debts, bad harvests and high taxes. When their debt-ridden farms are taken by the bank, they take over a local weapons arsenal in protest. Massachusetts sends their militia to try to stop them and asks Congress for help. Can the Articles of Confederation help Massachusetts? Why/Why not?
4. Both New Hampshire and New York desire more territory for settlers within their states. New land would increase trade, profit and power for their individual states. They claim Vermont territory and appeal to the Articles to settle the dispute. Can the Articles of Confederation solve this problem? Why/Why not?
5. Foreign countries do not respect American independence. Although the Treaty of Paris granted the United States all the land east of the Mississippi, Britain refuses to withdraw troops from the Ohio Valley. In addition, Spain closes New Orleans port to American farmers and pirates seize American ships. Can the Articles of Confederation solve these problems? Why/Why not?
6. Some individual states have abolished (ended) slavery. Delegates Ali MacDonald and Mac Cintron propose a law to abolish slavery in the entire country. Will slavery end? Why/Why not?