The American Revolution
Patrick Henry
In the Virginian statehouse, some were still worried about ______, Patrick ______gave a passionate ______trying to convince people they should ______and ______…
“The war is ______—and let it come. Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be ______at the price of ______and ______?
Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not what course others may take; but as for me,______.”
Test question
Declaring Independence
The last part of the declaration states “We therefore …solemnly publish and ______, that these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be ______and ______states.”
This is the part that says we are no longer part of ______.
Leaders of the British Army
______
Lord Howe was great at organizing and moving his armies and repeatedly ______Washington, but did not aggressively ______and ______the Continental Army…maybe because he felt some ______for the American cause.
Problems in the British Army (know these)
______
______
______
Hessians
Since the British were not completely ______the war effort, German ______, (_____ soldiers) were hired to help the British fight the war.
British Strategy
Because of the British strengths (______, plenty of ______) they could take over any objective they wanted with ______. Admiral Howe was certain that when confronted with the overwhelming British military advantage, the rebels could be persuaded to ______their ______. (Know British strengths)
Washington’s Strategy
Washington knew it would be impossible to drive the ______, but realized the British could not ______the entire colonies ______. American ______would regain ______of any town as soon as the occupying British army ______. Washington’s strategy became one of ______: keep the army ______, even if it meant temporarily abandoning towns and patriots to the ______. As long as the ______survived, ______will survive.
Washington had two advantages as a general:
- He seemed ______– musket volleys and cannon fire didn’t ______even though he was always in the middle of the ______,
- He had lots of physical ______– without a large, experienced officer corps (like the British had) he often ______lead the army and saw to supplies, directing combat, and even arranging for ______.
By the end of 1776, the Continental Army was on the brink of ______. They were badly ______, ______, badly ______, and ready to ______and go home to tend their farms when their year-long enlistments ended. Washington needed a ______.
“These are the times that try men’s souls.”
(Know T. Paine and the “Crisis”)
- Thomas Paine
The rough winter was trying for the new country. American’s early ______was fading. T. Paine saved the day, again, with a collection of articles called, “______”
What is a crisis?
______
______
“THESE are the times that try men's souls. The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of their country; but he that stands by it now, deserves the love and thanks of man and woman. Tyranny, like hell, is not easily conquered; yet we have this consolation with us, that the harder the conflict, the more glorious the triumph.” (important in keeping men in the Continental Army)
The Battle of Trenton
Just ______his ______, ______troops was a risky gamble, but G.W. knew it was time to attack. Washington led the attack on Trenton ______through the ______Delaware river and through the cold, bitter storm- his army leaving ______in the snow as they marched.
Washington left his ______burning as a decoy to ______the British and Hessians . He crossed the icy Delaware river (picture on the back of Delaware’s quarter) and attacked the ______enemy. The Americans won with hardly any ______. The victory encouraged ______of Americans to ______for the Continental Army.
Help from Black Soldiers
When some ______began joining the ______Army, Washington persuaded ______to accept black soldiers. About 30,000 soldiers served in the American army, about ______were black, some ______, some ______.
- Why do you think slaves may have been willing to fight for the American Revolution?
Help from Women
Many of Washington’s ______were women. Women helped as camp cooks and ______the sick and ______. A few even ______themselves as ______and served as ______in the Army.
Battle of Saratoga (New York – Oct. 1777) (test question)
The ______moved slowly through the snow and heavy rain to their camp at Saratoga. The Continental Army ______on them day and night without stopping. The British finally ______the battle. This battle was considered a “______” in the war because the unlikely victory ______foreign ______to help the Americans
Traitor!!!!
Benedict Arnold was ______in the leg during the Battle of Saratoga .
He felt he had not been ______enough for his actions in the war.
He ______the Unites States and joined the British.
Help from Abroad – France (test question)
With the win at Saratoga, ______was able to convince ______to help America. They sent ______, ______, and ______. Even though he was only ______, the Marquis de Lafayette became one of our biggest ______. He convinced the French King to send ______to fight for America
and Spain, too
Bernardo de______ was governor of Spanish ______. He sent the American army ______and ______. Led an attack on Britain’s most important base in the ______at Florida. He destroyed ______rule along the ______.
Valley Forge (Pennsylvania- Winter 1777-78)
A very hard time for the ______Army. Local farmers would only sell food to the ______who paid in ______instead of______.
Why would the stores refuse to take paper money for payment from the Continental Army?
______
______
______
John Paul Jones
Captain in the ______. During a battle he told the British “______!” when they wanted him to surrender.
Yorktown (test question)
(Virginia - Oct. 1781)
The last ______of the Revolution. British are led by General ______and control most of ______and the ______. Washington marched north toward ______. The French ______was in the harbor, cutting off escape by British ships. Cornwallis had no choice but to ______his troops to Washington.
End of the War
In 1783, the United States and Britainsigned a ______in ______officially ending the American Revolution.
Key test questions –
General George Washington (who was he?)
Lord Cornwallis (who was he?)
Patrick Henry (what did he do that was so important?)
Battle of Saratoga (what did winning this battle mean to colonial success?)
Thomas Paine (why was he so important to the colonists?)
The Crisis(why was this pamphlet important to the Continental Army?) (what did Paine write that encouraged Americans to revolt against the king?)
Valley Forge – (why is this important to colonial survival?)
Ben Franklin(what was his role in getting help for America?)
Battle of Yorktown (why is this an important battle?)
Treaty of Paris 1783 (what were the provisions of this treaty, what did it do?)