Text Structures

Narrative
Fiction (or Non-Fiction) / Expository
Non-Fiction / Technical
Non-Fiction / Persuasive
Fiction or Non-Fiction
To Entertain / To Inform or Explain / To Tell How / To Convince or Persuade
Text Structure
  • Sequence
  • Compare/Contrast
  • Cause/Effect
  • Description
/ Text Structure
  • Compare/Contrast
  • Cause/Effect
  • Description
  • Sequence
  • Definitions
/ Text Structure
  • Sequence
  • Compare/Contrast
  • Cause/Effect
/ Text Structure
  • Compare/Contrast
  • Cause/Effect
  • Description
  • Sequence

Text Organizers
  • Headings/Subheadings
  • Topic Sentences
  • Summary Sentence
  • Graphic Features such as graphs, maps, etc.
/ Text Organizers
  • Headings
  • Short/fragmented sentences
  • Numbered/Bulleted Lists
  • Graphic features such as graphs, maps, diagrams, etc.
/ Text Organizers
  • Headings
  • Topic Sentences
  • Summary Sentence-usually call for change

Vocabulary
  • Use of Context Clues to determine meaning: definition, restatement, example
  • Use of dictionary or glossary to determine meaning
  • Synonyms
  • Antonyms
  • Homographs
  • Homophones
  • Figurative Languagesuch as: smiles, metaphors, and idioms.
/ Vocabulary
  • Use of Context Clues to determine meaning: definition, restatement, example
  • Use of dictionary or glossary to determine meaning
/ Vocabulary
  • Use of Context Clues to determine meaning: definition, restatement, example
  • Use of dictionary or glossary to determine meaning
/ Vocabulary
  • Use of Context Clues to determine meaning: definition, restatement, example
  • Use of dictionary or glossary to determine meaning
  • Synonyms
  • Antonyms
  • Homographs
  • Homophones
  • Figurative Languagesuch as: smiles, metaphors, and idioms.

Elements of Narrative
  • Characters (and their relationship to each other)
  • Setting – where & when
  • Plot – initiating event, problem & resolution
  • Theme/Author’s purpose/Morale
  • Point of View – Omniscient, 1st, 2nd, or 3rd person narrator
/ Elements of Expository
  • Topic Sentence
  • Body
  • Summary Sentence
  • Illustrations
  • Graphics
  • Headings & Subheadings
  • Facts/Opinions
  • Subject oriented
/ Elements of Technical
  • Sequential
  • Bulleted/numbered list
  • Diagrams
/ Elements of Persuasive
  • Informed Stand
  • Problem/Solution
  • Bias/propaganda
  • Fact/Opinion
  • Bandwagon, Glittering generalities, testimonials, citing authority, statistics
Proposition/Support
  • Grades 5 & 8 – only one side of the argument
  • 11th both sides
  • Intro to Problem
  • Background
  • Proposed solution
  • Argument for solution
  • Refutation of opposition
  • Call to action

Draw Conclusions / Draw Conclusions / Draw Conclusions / Draw Conclusions
Theme / Main Idea/Supporting Details / Supporting Details / Evoke Change

Text Structure Frames

Problem/Solution Text

x Sentence 1- tells who had the problem and what the problem is

x Sentence 2 - tells what action was taken to try to solve the problem

x Sentence 3 - tells what happened as a result of the action taken

______had a problem because______

Therefore, ______

As a result, ______.

Comparison/Contrast Text

______and ______are similar in several ways. Both

______and______, ______and

______have similar______. Finally, both

______and______.

______and ______are different in several ways. First,

______, while ______.

Secondly, ______, but ______.

In addition while ______, ______. Finally,

______, while______.

Sequence Text

Here is how a ______is made. First, ______. Next,

______. Then, ______. Finally, ______.

Cause/Effect Text

Because of ______, ______. ______caused ______. Therefore, ______. Finally, due to

______, ______. This explains why ______.

Descriptive Text

There are ______kinds of ______. The first kind of ______

is ______. It ______

______.

The second one is ______. It ______

______.

The third kind is ______. It ______

______.

Now you can recognize the ______kinds of ______.

Five Types of Text Structure

  • Compare and Contrast
  • Cause and Effect
  • Sequence
  • Problem and Solution
  • Description

Description / Sequence / Compare-Contrast / Cause-Effect
Problem-Solution
For instance
To begin with
Also
In fact
For example
In addition
Characteristics of / On (date)
Not long after
Now
As
Before
After
When
First
Second
Next
Then
Last
Finally / However
But
As well as
On the other hand
Not only…but also
Either…or
Same as
In contrast
While
Although
More than
Less than
Unless
Similarly
Yet
Likewise
On the contrary / Because
Since
Therefore
Consequently
As a result of
This let to
So that
Nevertheless
Accordingly
If…then
Thus
Subsequently