Test Review: Bacteria, Viruses and Microscopes (Chapter 19, 40 and Appendix D)

Name: ______Block: ______Date: ______

Test Review: Bacteria, Viruses and Microscopes (Chapter 19, 40 and Appendix D)

This should help you prepare for the test and see what area’s you might need to review. Please remember that I am here each morning. You need to take the initiative to see me if you are struggling with material.

Answer the Following Questions

1. The German physician Robert Koch provided evidence to support the germ theory of infectious disease. Koch isolated bacteria from a cow with anthrax, and then injected the bacteria into a healthy mouse. To support germ theory, what must have happened to the healthy mouse? ______

1. A ______is any disease-causing organism.

1. ______postulate’s was an effective method for determining the cause ofLyme disease.

1. The ______theory of disease states that infectious diseases are caused by microorganisms.

1. The immune system is triggered by a (an) ______.

1. Mosquitoes that carry disease-causing organisms from person to person are called ______.

1. ______are used to treat infectious diseases caused bybacteria.

1. A Gram (+) positive bacteria will appear what color? ______

1. A method called Gram staining is used to tell you what about bacteria? ______

1. List the two ways that bacteria cause disease? ______, ______

1. ______is a type of asexual reproduction in which a prokaryote replicates its DNA, divides in half, and producing two identical daughter cells.

1. Bacteria that break down the nutrients in dead matter into simpler substance that are taken up by plant roots are called. ______

1. List several foods that are produced using bacteria? ______, ______, ______

1. What do viruses need to reproduce? ______

1. A lytic infection concludes with what event? ______

1. What is the basic structure of a virus? ______

1. Some unicellular organisms are motile (have the ability to move) and some are non-motile. Which cellular structures are associated with movement? ______

1. List the shapes of the following bacteria.

Using a Microscope

Make sure that you know the function of each structure found on pages 1064 of your textbook.

What is the size (in µm) of the object below? ______

Total Magnification under High Power: ______.

Total Magnification under Low Power: ______.

Scientific Method

A student placed a disk of filter paper in each of the following solutions: disinfectant 1, disinfectant 2, disinfectant 3, and distilled water. She streaked a sterile petri dish with a culture of E. coli bacteria. Then, she placed each disk carefully onto the petri dish, placed the lid on the dish, taped it shut, and incubated the dish at 37°C for several days. The figure below shows how the petri dish looked on Day 1 and Day 4.

Control Group: ______

Independent Variable: ______

Dependent Variable: ______

Constants: ______

Short Answer

1. Discuss two differences and two similarities between eubacteria and archaebacteria.

1. Describe the difference between the lysogenic and lytic cycles.