TAKS Review Objective 1 Problems
4 Observing an approaching thunderstorm andusing a stopwatch, a student finds that ittakes 8.40 seconds for thunder to be heardafter a lightning bolt strikes. The student haslearned that it takes 3.0 seconds for sound totravel 1000 m. How far away is the storm?
F 119 m
G 185 m
H 2800 m
J 8400 m
5 Which lab setup would be appropriate to usein heating 100 mL of water to the boilingpoint?
A A 10 mL test tube held above a Bunsenburner
B A 200 mL beaker placed on a hot plate
C A thermal coil inside a 100 mL cylinder
D A sealed 300 mL flask in a warm-waterbath
13 In experiments, a benefit of larger samplesizes would be more —
A variables
B representative data
C time per group
D control groups
Powerful Plankton
The U.S. Naval Research Laboratory has created an experimental marine fuel cell that could produce
enough electricity to power ocean-monitoring devices. This fuel cell runs on seawater and sediment, with thehelp of plankton. Some plankton on the surface of ocean sediments use dissolved oxygen to break down
organic matter, releasing energy; this is an aerobic process. The plankton in the deeper sediments break
down organic matter without using oxygen; this is an anaerobic process. These two processes create a
difference in voltage between the surface of the sediment and the sediment farther down in the seabed. The
voltage difference can be used to produce electricity—up to 5.0 10 – 2 watts of power. Energy supplied by
this type of fuel cell can be obtained as long as there is organic matter in the sediment.
15 Which safety precaution should be observedwhile analyzing sediment from a marineaquarium?
A Wear rubber gloves
B Use a fume hood
C Avoid using glassware
D Have a fire extinguisher nearby
23 From 1942 to 1945, U.S. nickels were made ofan alloy that contained 35% silver, 9.0%manganese, and the rest copper, by mass. Ifone of these nickels has a mass of 5.0 grams,what is the mass of the copper?
A 0.5 g
B 1.8 g
C 2.2 g
D 2.8 g
25 Which of the following procedures should beused in finding the mass of crystals?
A Pour the excess crystals back into theoriginal container
B Put the crystals on the outer part of thebalance pan for massing
C Pour wastes down the sink with plenty ofwater
D Use weighing paper on the balance pan
42 In a movie, meteoroids make severalmicroscopic holes in a pressurized cabin in theweightless environment of a spaceship. Theastronauts search for the holes by sprayingwater droplets from a container. If this werean actual situation, what effect should beexpected?
F The drifting water droplets float to thelocation of the holes.
G After falling to the floor, the water forms astream leading to the holes.
H The water droplets form a large sphere ofwater that moves away from the holes.
J Pumping the trigger on the spraycontainer increases the air pressure in thecabin.
48 An engineer has created a new engine for race cars. It is necessary to know which fuel mixture willallow the engine to run at its peak performance. Which experimental design is best for thisinvestigation?
F Use one fuel mixture on the engine and measure its performance
G Use one fuel mixture on many types of engines and measure their performance
HUse various fuel mixtures on the engine and measure its performance
J Use various fuel mixtures on many types of engines and measure their performance
61.Which of these is a hypothesis that can betested through experimentation?
F Bacterial growth increases exponentiallyas temperature increases.
G A fish’s ability to taste food is affected bythe clarity of aquarium water.
H Tadpoles’ fear of carnivorous insect larvaeincreases as the tadpoles age.
J The number of times a dog wags its tailindicates how content the dog is.
62. Laboratory equipment is cleaned and properlystored after use primarily so that —
A chemical products can be measured andrecorded as data
B time is saved in setting up the nextexperiment
C toxic materials can be kept in thelaboratory
D the possibility of contamination in thelaboratory is minimized
63. As temperature drops to the dew point, cloudsform in the atmosphere, and dew forms onground surfaces. A scientist proposes thatadding more water molecules to theatmosphere will change the dew point. Thisproposal is —
F an invalid observation
G a valid hypothesis
H an invalid problem
J a valid conclusion
64. Objects of the same mass but of different sizesand shapes were dropped from a given height.Their rates of free fall were measured andrecorded. Which of the following is most likelythe question this experiment was designed toanswer?
F How does height affect the force ofgravity?
G How does gravity affect objects of differentdensities?
H How do mass and weight affect fallingobjects?
J How do size and shape affect an object’srate of free fall?
65.Which of the following salts has the greatest solubility in water at 25°C?
F CaCO3
G FeS
H HgCl2
J KClO4
66. During a severe drought a dry lake was explored for fossils. The diagram represents the fossilsuncovered and the layers they were in. According to this information, this area was once a —
A forest that was replaced by a freshwater lake
B freshwater lake that was replaced by a desert
C saltwater sea that was replaced by a forest
D freshwater lake that was replaced by a forest
67.Which of the following shows the length of arubber strip measured precisely to2.22 centimeters?
68.Which conclusion is best supported by thesedata?
F Earth’s surface is composed mostly ofsilicon and calcium.
G Oxygen is closer to Earth’s surface thanaluminum.
H There is more aluminum than calcium atEarth’s surface.
J Silicon is much heavier than iron atEarth’s surface.
69.The reason for wafting or fanning a smallamount of chemical vapors toward the nose asa means to detect odors in a test tube is to —
A avoid experimental error from excessiveloss of mass of reactants or products
B avoid splashing chemicals into the face ofany person
C protect the respiratory tract againstpotentially harmful vapors
D determine the relative strength of theodor before smelling directly
70. Pain medications can be made as powders ortablets. The powders tend to work faster thantablets with the same ingredients becausepowder —
F dissolves faster in solution than a singletablet
G has more total mass than a single tablet
H travels through the bloodstream moreeasily than a tablet
J is easier to swallow than tablets
71.Which of the following will allowmeasurement of a liquid’s volume withthe greatest precision?
A 50 mL cylinder graduated in 1 mLincrements
B 100 mL cylinder graduated in 0.5 mLincrements
C 100 mL cylinder graduated in 1 mLincrements
D 200 mL cylinder graduated in 5 mLincrements
72.Ten different types of culture media were inoculated with the same strain of bacteria and incubated atthe same temperature. Nine of the cultures grew. Which of these conclusions can be drawn from thisinformation?
F The media used in the experiment are all capable of sustaining bacterial growth.
G The temperature varied greatly during the experiment.
H Only the culture that failed to grow bacteria was inoculated properly.
JOne of the media lacked the nutrients needed for the bacteria to grow.
73.Which conclusion about the frogs is supportedby these data?
AFour frogs out of ten preferred the greenarea.
B The frogs randomly moved into thecolored areas.
C Most frogs tended to avoid the red area.
D Most frogs preferred the color blue.
74.The owner of a pet store assures a customerthat if she buys only one female hamster, shewill not need to worry about the hamsterhaving offspring, because there will be nomale with which the female can breed. Whatpossibility is the pet-store owner overlooking?
F The hamster could be infertile.
G The sex of the hamster could change.
H The hamster could be pregnant.
J The hamster could be a twin.
75.In an investigation 10,000 dung beetles wereexamined for the presence of parasites. Thedata showed that about 5% of the beetles hadparasites. The results are —
F invalid because only dung beetles wereexamined
G unsupported because the parasitepopulation was small
H erroneous because more beetles shouldhave had parasites
J valid because the sample size wassufficient for accuracy
76.Certain chemicals in the diet of moth larvaeseem to influence the early development of themoths’ wings. Careful observation ofdeveloping pupae could result in —
A data to verify the hypothesis
B changes to the conclusion
C a conclusion about the moths’ eggs
D development of a new moth species
77.According to the graph, about how muchhemoglobin would be saturated at an O2pressure of 7.3 kPa?
A 32%
B 67%
C 89%
D 92%
2. An unidentified element has many of the samephysical and chemical properties asmagnesium and strontium but has a loweratomic mass than either of these elements.What is the most likely identity of thiselement?
F Sodium
G Beryllium
H Calcium
J Rubidium
3. Some bacteria thrive in hostile environments,such as salt flats, boiling-hot springs, andcarbonate-rock interiors, primarily because ofbacteria’s —
F biochemical diversity
G small sizes
H round shapes
J methods of movement
4. The graph shows the relative basal metabolicrates of a field mouse and an anole (a type oflizard) at different temperatures. According tothis information, the field mouse —
A uses the least energy when theenvironmental temperature is 30°C
B is able to control its body temperature
C uses less energy at 20°C than the anoledoes
D is unaffected by environmental temperatures
5.Which of these changes in rocks is a physicalchange?
A Acid rain damaging marble
B Iron in rock combining with oxygen toform hematite
C Carbonic acid weathering limestone
D An ice wedge shattering a slab of shale
6.Reactions that produce toxic gases should beperformed in a —
A* laboratory fume hood
B beaker with a watch glass on top
C well-ventilated area of the lab
D warm, airtight drying oven
7. When trying to spear a fish in water, a personneeds to take into account the way light bendsas it moves from water into air. The bending oflight as it passes from one medium intoanother is known as —
F reflection
G refraction
H diffraction
J polarization