soils, sec 2 • global change, environ risk assess, sustainable land use • research article

Effect of sulfonamide antibiotics on microbial diversity and activity in a Californian Mollic Haploxeralf

Iris R. Gutiérrez • Naoko Watanabe • Thomas Harter • Bruno Glaser • Michael Radke

Received: 9 June 2009 / Accepted: 9 December 2009

© Springer-Verlag 2009

Responsible editor: Chengrong Chen

I. R. Gutiérrez • M. Radke ()

University of Bayreuth

Department of Hydrology, BayCEER

95440 Bayreuth, Germany

e-mail:

N. Watanabe • T. Harter

Department of Land, Air and Water Resources

University of California

Davis, CA95616-8628, USA

B. Glaser

University of Bayreuth

Department of Soil Physics, BayCEER

95440 Bayreuth, Germany

Table S1 Standard compounds used for PLFA analysis. Suppliers: Sigma-Aldrich, Seelze, Germany (Brands Fluka, Aldrich, Sigma); Larodan (Malmö, Sweden); Biotrend (Köln, Germany)

Compound / Abbreviation / Supplier / Purity (%)
Tetradecanoic acid / 14:0 / Fluka / 98+
Pentadecanoic acid / 15:0 / Aldrich / 99+
Hexadecanoic acid / 16:0 / Aldrich / 98+
Heptadecanoic acid / 17:0 / Sigma / 98+
Octadecanoic acid / 18:0 / Fluka / 98+
12-Methyltetradecanoic acid / a15:0 / Larodan / 98+
12-Methyltetradecanoic acid / i15:0 / Larodan / 98+
14-Methylhexadecanoic acid / i16:0 / Larodan / 98+
14-Methylhexadecanoic acid / a17:0 / Larodan / 98+
15-Methylhexadecanoic acid / i17:0 / Larodan / 98+
cis-9,10-Methylenehexanoic acid / cy17:0 / Biotrend / 98+
cis-9,10-Methyleneoctanoic acid / cy19:0 / Biotrend / 98+
10-Methylhexadecanoic acid / 10ME16:0 / Biotrend / 98+
10-Methylheptanoic acid / 10ME17:0 / Larodan / 98+
10-Methyloctanoic acid / 10ME18:0 / Larodan / 98+
cis-11-Hexadecene acid / 16:15c / Biotrend / 98+
cis-9-Hexadecene acid / 16:17c / Larodan / 99+
cis-Octadecene acid / 18:17c / Larodan / 99+
cis-9-Octadecene acid / 18:19c / Larodan / 99+
cis,cis-9,12-Octadecene acid / 18:26,9 / Larodan / 99+
all-cis 5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraenoic acid methyl ester / 20:46 / Larodan / 99+
Nonadecanoic acid / 19:0 / Biotrend / 99+
Tridecanoic acid methyl ester / FAME13:0 / Sigma / 99.5

Table S2 Concentrations of major elements/nutrients in manure

Parameter (Unit) / Value / Method
pH / 7.8 / 1
EC (mS cm-1) / 6.1 / 2
DOC (mg L-1) / 24 / 3
total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (mg L-1) / 438 / 4
NH4-N (mg L-1) / 272 / 5
Cl- (mg L-1) / 10 / 5
SO4-S (mg L-1) / 355 / 6
NO3-N (mg L-1) / 0.7 / 5
HCO3- (meq L-1) / 59 / 7
P (total) (mg L-1) / 70 / 6
K (total) (mg L-1) / 793 / 8
S (total) (mg L-1) / 401 / 6
Ca (total) (mg L-1) / 212 / 6
Mg (total) (mg L-1) / 165 / 6
Na (total) (mg L-1) / 281 / 8
Zn (total) (mg L-1) / 0.6 / 8
Mn (total) (mg L-1) / 0.7 / 8
Fe (total) (mg L-1) / 3.5 / 8
Cu (total) (mg L-1) / 0.5 / 8
TDS (mg L-1) / 4055 / 9

Methods used: 1: pH-sensor; 2: conductivity meter; 3: DOC-analyzer; 4: wet oxidation using micro Kjeldahl procedure with sulfuric acid and digestion catalyst; 5: flow injection analyzer; 6: ICP-AES; 7: titration with dilute H2SO4 acid; 8: AAS; 9: filtration <2mm, oven drying and gravimetric analysis

Table S3 Concentrations of major elements/nutrients in soil

Parameter (Unit) / Value / Method
C-Org (%) / 0.86 / 1
C (total) (%) / 0.99 / 2
N (total) (%) / 0.12 / 2
NH4-N (mg kg-1) / 7.95 / 3
NO3-N (mg kg-1) / 125 / 3
Olsen-P (mg kg-1) / 99 / 4
Zn (total) (mg kg-1) / 43 / 5
Zn (DTPA) (mg kg-1) / 8.9 / 6
Mn (total) (mg kg-1) / 178 / 5
Mn (DTPA) (mg kg-1) / 17.4 / 6
Cu (total) (mg kg-1) / 23 / 5
Cu (DTPA) (mg kg-1) / 5.3 / 6
Fe (total) (mg kg-1) / 8805. / 5
Fe (DTPA) (mg kg-1) / 30.7 / 6

Methods used:1: potassium dichromate reduction of organic carbon and subsequent spectrophotometric measurement; 2: Combustion gas analyzer; 3: Equilibrium extraction of soil for nitrate and ammonium with potassium chloride and subsequent determination by flow-injection analyzer; 4: alkaline extraction by 0.5 N NaHCO3, flow injection analysis; 5: microwave acid digestion and AAS analysis; 6: Equilibrium extraction of soil using diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), AAS analysis