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Table 1 The distribution of parasitoid eggs among swede midge (Contarinia nasturtii) larvae offered to 25 single Synopeas myles females in the laboratory. Using a Pearson chi-squared goodness-of-fit test, each observed distribution (O) was compared to a Poisson distribution (E) with a mean and variance equal to the group’s mean number of parasitoid eggs per host larva (expected values shown are rounded to the nearest integer). χ2values with an asterisk(*) indicate that the observed distribution differs significantly from its fitted Poisson distribution (p < 0.05)
Female / N eggs in swede midge larvae (frequency) / Mean # eggs/host larva / Pearson χ2(df, total N)
0 / 1 / 2
O / E / O / E / O / E
1 / 93 / 113 / 99 / 62 / 4 / 17 / 0.55 / 38.76*
(2, 196)
2 / 85 / 110 / 109 / 64 / 3 / 19 / 0.58 / 53.85*
(2, 197)
3 / 117 / 133 / 83 / 54 / 0 / 11 / 0.41 / 27.59*
(2, 200)
4 / 115 / 125 / 73 / 55 / 6 / 12 / 0.44 / 11.60*
(2, 194)
5 / 54 / 61 / 42 / 29 / 2 / 7 / 0.47 / 11.35*
(2, 98)
6 / 58 / 66 / 40 / 27 / 1 / 6 / 0.41 / 11.24*
(2, 99)
7 / 71 / 72 / 23 / 22 / 3 / 3 / 0.30 / 0.45
(2, 97)
8 / 31 / 48 / 63 / 34 / 3 / 12 / 0.71 / 40.49*
(2, 97)
9 / 31 / 49 / 65 / 34 / 2 / 12 / 0.70 / 45.40*
(2, 98)
10 / 56 / 72 / 76 / 48 / 9 / 16 / 0.67 / 26.35*
(2, 141)
11 / 65 / 82 / 79 / 48 / 3 / 14 / 0.58 / 35.27*
(2, 147)
12 / 38 / 70 / 110 / 53 / 1 / 20 / 0.75 / 99.60*
(2, 149)
13 / 64 / 81 / 80 / 48 / 3 / 14 / 0.59 / 36.79*
(2, 147)
14 / 53 / 55 / 31 / 28 / 8 / 7 / 0.51 / 1.68
(2, 92)
15 / 20 / 41 / 70 / 34 / 5 / 14 / 0.84 / 58.51*
(2, 95)
16 / 45 / 45 / 5 / 5 / 0 / 0 / 0.10 / 0.27
(1, 50)
17 / 82 / 91 / 58 / 43 / 5 / 10 / 0.47 / 10.49*
(2, 145)
18 / 66 / 70 / 32 / 24 / 1 / 4 / 0.34 / 5.69
(2, 99)
19 / 54 / 69 / 72 / 48 / 12 / 17 / 0.70 / 20.51*
(2, 138)
20 / 107 / 111 / 39 / 32 / 2 / 5 / 0.29 / 3.56
(2, 148)
21 / 150 / 155 / 48 / 39 / 1 / 5 / 0.25 / 5.68
(2, 199)
22 / 28 / 40 / 50 / 32 / 11 / 13 / 0.81 / 17.95*
(2, 89)
23 / 110 / 127 / 88 / 57 / 1 / 13 / 0.45 / 31.66*
(2, 199)
24 / 97 / 104 / 51 / 37 / 1 / 7 / 0.36 / 11.24*
(2, 149)
25 / 80 / 80 / 16 / 16 / 2 / 2 / 0.20 / 0.19
(2, 98)
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Table 2 The distribution of Synopeas myles eggs among 3rd-instar swede midge (Contarinia nasturtii) larvae collected from a garden plot in Delémont, Switzerland in 2011 compared with a Poisson distribution with the same mean. Using a Pearson chi-squared goodness-of-fit test, each observed distribution (O) was compared to a Poisson distribution (E) with a mean and variance equal to the group’s mean number of parasitoid eggs per host larva (expected values shown are rounded to the nearest integer). χ2values with an asterisk(*) indicate that the observed distribution differs significantly from its fitted Poisson distribution (p < 0.05).
Sampling Date / N eggs in swede midge larvae (frequency) / Mean # eggs/host larva / Pearson χ2(df, total N)
0 / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5 / 6 / 7 / 8
O / E / O / E / O / E / O / E / O / E / O / E / O / E / O / E / O / E
1 / 45 / 26 / 3 / 19 / 1 / 7 / 0 / 2 / 2 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0.72 / 11217.77*
(5, 53)
2 / 79 / 79 / 8 / 9 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0.11 / 0.60
(2, 88)
3 / 50 / 50 / 13 / 13 / 2 / 2 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0.26 / 0.20
(2, 65)
4 / 54 / 53 / 5 / 6 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0.12 / 1.38
(2, 60)
5 / 37 / 35 / 3 / 6 / 2 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0.17 / 6.13
(2, 42)
6 / 184 / 173 / 32 / 45 / 4 / 6 / 1 / 1 / 4 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0.26 / 466.95*
(4, 225)
7 / 316 / 245 / 32 / 88 / 2 / 16 / 1 / 2 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0.36 / 12.25*
(4, 351)
8 / 86 / 80 / 9 / 18 / 3 / 2 / 1 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0.22 / 136.07*
(4, 100)
9 / 25 / 25 / 4 / 4 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0.14 / 0.01
(1, 29)
10 / 466 / 462 / 32 / 39 / 4 / 2 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0.09 / 23.47*
(3, 503)
11 / 59 / 57 / 8 / 11 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0.19 / 14.54*
(3, 69)
12 / 77 / 76 / 9 / 10 / 1 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0.13 / 0.32
(2, 87)
13 / 71 / 68 / 3 / 7 / 1 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0.11 / 76.78*
(3, 76)
Table 3 The distribution of parasitoid eggs among 16 groups of swede midge (Contarinia nasturtii) larvae, each offered to groups of four Synopeas myles females in the laboratory. Using a Pearson chi-squared goodness-of-fit test, each observed distribution (O) was compared to a Poisson distribution (E) with a mean and variance equal to the group’s mean number of parasitoid eggs per host larva (expected values shown are rounded to the nearest integer). χ2values with an asterisk(*) indicate that the observed distribution differs significantly from its fitted Poisson distribution (p < 0.05).
Replicate / N eggs in swede midge larvae (frequency) / Mean # eggs/host larva / Pearson χ2(df, total N)
0 / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5 / 6 / 7 / 8 / 9
O / E / O / E / O / E / O / E / O / E / O / E / O / E / O / E / O / E / O / E
1 / 9 / 30 / 67 / 32 / 11 / 17 / 0 / 6 / 1 / 2 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1.06 / 61.17*
(4, 88)
2 / 2 / 15 / 40 / 27 / 28 / 25 / 17 / 15 / 6 / 7 / 0 / 3 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1.84 / 21.44*
(6, 93)
3 / 8 / 30 / 70 / 35 / 15 / 21 / 3 / 8 / 0 / 2 / 1 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1.18 / 58.11*
(5, 97)
4 / 5 / 7 / 16 / 18 / 32 / 22 / 14 / 18 / 12 / 11 / 3 / 5 / 3 / 2 / 1 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 2.44 / 8.10
(7, 86)
5 / 13 / 25 / 46 / 33 / 29 / 22 / 6 / 10 / 1 / 3 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1.33 / 16.82*
(5, 95)
6 / 2 / 9 / 31 / 20 / 20 / 22 / 13 / 16 / 7 / 9 / 8 / 4 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 2.20 / 19.34*
(6, 81)
7 / 1 / 11 / 25 / 24 / 45 / 26 / 12 / 18 / 10 / 10 / 3 / 4 / 0 / 2 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 2.14 / 28.33*
(6, 96)
8 / 3 / 20 / 49 / 32 / 34 / 26 / 11 / 14 / 1 / 6 / 1 / 2 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1.61 / 31.38*
(5, 99)
9 / 7 / 16 / 38 / 28 / 27 / 25 / 14 / 15 / 4 / 6 / 3 / 2 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1.77 / 10.75
(6, 93)
10 / 16 / 17 / 30 / 30 / 28 / 27 / 16 / 16 / 8 / 7 / 1 / 2 / 1 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1.77 / 1.48
(6, 100)
11 / 4 / 8 / 32 / 20 / 30 / 25 / 9 / 22 / 7 / 14 / 8 / 7 / 7 / 3 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 2.53 / 36.37*
(9, 100)
12 / 5 / 15 / 38 / 28 / 29 / 26 / 16 / 16 / 4 / 7 / 3 / 3 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1.84 / 13.56
(6, 95)
13 / 8 / 25 / 56 / 34 / 26 / 24 / 6 / 11 / 3 / 4 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1.39 / 29.05*
(5, 99)
14 / 1 / 12 / 33 / 25 / 30 / 25 / 24 / 17 / 4 / 9 / 2 / 4 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 2.03 / 21.34*
(6, 94)
15 / 3 / 11 / 24 / 24 / 36 / 25 / 21 / 17 / 5 / 9 / 2 / 4 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 2.08 / 16.62
(6, 91)
16 / 17 / 27 / 46 / 31 / 16 / 17 / 3 / 7 / 1 / 2 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1.14 / 14.7*
(5, 84)
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