Supplementary Table 1. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models predicting intravesical recurrence free survival in the entire study cohort

Intravesical recurrence free survival
Univariable analysis / Multivariable analysis
Variables / Unadjusted HR (95% CI) / p-value / Adjusted HR (95%) CI / p-value
Age (continuous) / 1.01 (0.99-1.03) / 0.151
Gender
Male
Female / Reference
0.89 (0.58-1.32) / 0.537
BMI (continuous) / 0.94 (0.89-0.99) / 0.029 / 0.94 (0.89-0.99) / 0.040
ASA score
1 (Normal healthy)
2 (Mild systemic disease)
3 (Severe systemic disease) / Reference
1.19 (0.83-1.71)
1.06 (0.50-2.25) / 0.627
0.340
0.874
Preoperative ureteroscopy
Not done
Done / Reference
1.30 (0.88-1.93) / 0.188
Previous bladder cancer
No
Yes / Reference
0.86 (0.44-1.70) / 0.673
Concomitant bladder cancer
Absent
Present / Reference
2.29 (1.51-3.49) / <0.001 / Reference
2.23 (1.40-3.55) / 0.001
Preoperative urine cytology
Negative
Positive / Reference
1.61 (1.15-2.27) / 0.006 / Reference
1.53 (1.08-2.17) / 0.017
Preoperative hydronephrosis
Absent
Present / Reference
1.16 (0.84-1.61) / 0.373
Mode of surgery
ORNU
LRNU / Reference
0.80 (0.54-1.19) / 0.275
Tumor stage
pTa/T1/Tis
pT2
pT3/T4 / Reference
1.75 (1.14-2.67)
0.97 (0.67-1.42) / 0.015
0.010
0.884 / Reference
1.44 (0.91-2.27)
0.86 (0.57-1.28) / 0.078
0.115
0.455
Tumor grade
Low grade
High grade / Reference
1.19 (0.84-1.69) / 0.332
Concomitant CIS
Absent
Present / Reference
1.35 (0.85-2.12) / 0.198
LVI
Absent
Present / Reference
0.81 (0.52-1.25) / 0.337
Variant histology of UC
Absent
Present / Reference
0.78 (0.40-1.53) / 0.470
Tumor multifocality
Unifocal
Multifocal / Reference
1.59 (1.06-2.37) / 0.025 / Reference
1.15 (0.73-1.82) / 0.538
Tumor location
Renal pelvis
Ureter
Both / Reference
0.84 (0.59-1.22)
1.45 (0.91-2.32) / 0.103
0.368
0.119
Surgical margin
Negative
Positive / Reference
1.42 (0.63-3.22) / 0.400
LN status
pN0
pNx
pN ≥1 / Reference
0.79 (0.52-1.20)
0.40 (0.10-1.70) / 0.321
0.260
0.215
ACH
Not done
Done / Reference
0.84 (0.56-1.25) / 0.394

CI confidence interval, ORNU Open radical nephroureterectomy, LRNU Laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy, BMI body mass index, ASA American Society of Anesthesiologists, CIS carcinoma in situ, LVI lymphovascular invasion, UC urothelial carcinoma, LN lymph node, ACH adjuvant chemotherapy, IVR intravesical recurrence, OS overall survival, CSS cancer specific survival

Supplementary Table 2. Summary of studies comparing oncologic outcomes between open and laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy in patients with upper urinary tract carcinoma.

Investigator / Study design / Number of patients (ORNU/LRNU) / Study duration
(year) / Mean or median follow-up duration (months) (ORNU/LRNU) / RFS (%)
(ORNU/LRNU) / CSS (%)
(ORNU/LRNU) / OS (%)
(ORNU/LRNU)
Roupret et al. [19] / Retrospective, single institution / 26/20 / 1994/2004 / 78/69 / 51.2/71.6 / 61.5/90 / NA
Koda et al.[7] / Retrospective, single institution / 27/79 / 1995-2005 / 46.2/16.4 / 60/55 / NA / NA
Manabe et al.[8] / Retrospective, single institution / 166/58 / 2000-2004 / 28.0/13.6 / 81.7/75.6 / 87.0/85/2 / 83.6/83.7
Greco et al.[9] / Retrospective, single institution / 70/70 / 1999-2003 / 60/60 / 73/75 / NA / NA
Waldert et al.[10] / Retrospective, single institution / 59/43 / 1999-2006 / 41/41 / 76/79 / 80/85 / NA
Favaretto et al[11] / Retrospective, single institution / 109/53 / 2002-2008 / 23/23 / 38/42 / 86/82 / NA
Zou et al.[12] / Retrospective, single institution / 101/21 / 1999-2013 / 53/53 / NA / 87.1/85.7 / NA
Simone et al.[14] / Prospective, single institution / 40/40 / 2003-2006 / 41/41 / 77.4/72.5 / 89.9/79.8 / NA
Capitanio et al.[13] / Retrospective,
multi-center / 979/270 / 1987-2007 / 73.0/31.0 (for RFS)
70.7/30.6 (for CSS) / 76.2/86.8 / 73.1/85.5 / NA
Walton et al.[15] / Retrospective, multi-center / 703/70 / 1987-2008 / 36/17 / 73.7/63.4 / 75.4/75.2 / NA
Ariane et al.[16] / Retrospective, multi-center / 469/150 / 1995-2010 / 27/27 / 50.7/52.2 / 78/90.7 / NA
Fairey et al.[18] / Retrospective, multi-center / 403/446 / 1994-2009 / 26/26 / 43/33 / 73/76 / 67/68
The present study / Retrospective, single institution / 271/100 / 1992-2012 / 57.6/38.8 / 59.9/61.7 / 80.2/66.1 / 75.2/59.1

ORNU Open radical nephroureterectomy, LRNU Laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy, RFS recurrence free survival, CSS cancer specific survival, OS overall survival