Glycolysis
3PGA / 784.5 ± 125.2 / 570.4 ± 79.0* / 550.5 ± 120.5* / 446.0 ± 113.8** / 532.9 ± 131.7* / 616.0 ± 26.1* / 1161.8 ± 227.1* / 296.9 ± 62.0** / 591.9 ± 33.9*
PEP / 118.1 ± 43.1 / 190.7 ± 17.6* / 58.2 ± 6.4* / 102.3 ± 1.6 / 68.7 ± 13.9 / 133.2 ± 19.6 / 61.6 ± 19.5** / 77.0 ± 7.2 / 19.0 ± 8.3**
Pyruvate / 52.3 ± 8.2 / 21.3 ± 2.8** / 68.2 ± 16.1 / 47.4 ± 8.7 / 65.9 ± 16.4 / 30.6 ± 3.6** / 43.4 ± 8.9 / 66.4 ± 12.3 / 127.5 ± 14.7**
DHAP / 10.4 ± 1.0 / 8.6 ± 3.1 / 15.8 ± 3.8* / 24.5 ± 5.1** / 11.6 ± 2.4 / 2.6 ± 0.9** / 15.1 ± 7.7 / 5.0 ± 1.8** / 20.0 ± 6.6*
FBP / 8.2 ± 0.4 / 32.6 ± 3.2** / 7.6 ± 1.4 / 20.5 ± 6.2** / 6.3 ± 0.6** / 10.7 ± 1.8* / 39.4 ± 19.2** / 27.5 ± 1.9** / 31.0 ± 11.7**
TCA cycle
Citrate / 4659.0 ± 1312.7 / 4506.9 ± 310.8 / 3800.6 ± 855.8 / 4835.7 ± 208.3 / 4018.2 ± 474.8 / 4003.9 ± 610.2 / 725.6 ± 320.9** / 4067.0 ± 1492.2 / 1184.9 ± 881.1**
Fumarate / 1408.4 ± 198.2 / 1248.0 ± 74.0 / 2682.5 ± 320.2** / 3459.6 ± 154.4** / 3545.8 ± 319.2** / 1206.1 ± 88.5 / 8942.6 ± 1991.1** / 6718.3 ± 663.6** / 6164.1 ± 1674.7**
Malate / 1295.4 ± 202.0 / 1216.2 ± 303.4 / 2650.7 ± 159.6** / 3311.4 ± 82.9** / 3398.0 ± 409.8** / 1212.3 ± 231.4 / 10282.3 ± 1618.1** / 8150.3 ± 1020.4** / 6663.8 ± 1745.1**
Succinate / 83.0 ± 17.9 / 50.0 ± 11.9* / 64.2 ± 19.0 / 42.6 ± 14.5** / 121.7 ± 28.8 / 76.7 ± 14.9 / 116.1 ± 2.3** / 111.7 ± 16.9 / 54.0 ± 12.0*
2OG / 77.7 ± 2.4 / 66.7 ± 3.5** / 97.3 ± 13.3* / 90.9 ± 14.6 / 139.3 ± 13.2** / 97.3 ± 23.6 / 164.6 ± 40.1** / 150.8 ± 22.0** / 174.9 ± 24.7**
Isocitrate / 25.4 ± 4.3 / 34.0 ± 3.1** / 19.8 ± 5.4 / 33.8 ± 5.4 / 20.6 ± 5.4 / 11.4 ± 6.2** / 8.5 ± 0.8** / 31.8 ± 6.7 / 73.8 ± 16.9**
Aconitate / 2.0 ± 0.1 / 11.1 ± 0.3** / 2.7 ± 0.5* / 3.1 ± 0.9* / 2.8 ± 0.6* / 8.9 ± 1.2** / 7.4 ± 2.5** / 13.4 ± 3.6** / 3.8 ± 1.5
Pentose phosphate pathway
G6P / 440.6 ± 21.2 / 227.7 ± 75.2** / 599.9 ± 8.9** / 560.9 ± 34.7** / 443.9 ± 105.5 / 307.4 ± 4.9** / 641.9 ± 304.9 / 377.8 ± 26.1** / 618.1 ± 155.2
RuBP / 123.9 ± 27.2 / 114.4 ± 15.8 / 119.3 ± 18.1 / 122.7 ± 17.6 / 159.7 ± 41.1 / 81.3 ± 39.2 / 633.2 ± 439.3 / 44.2 ± 4.9** / 112.3 ± 19.1
6PG / 23.3 ± 6.1 / 16.7 ± 3.2 / 44.7 ± 11.3** / 38.9 ± 23.2 / 37.8 ± 9.4* / 13.7 ± 4.2* / 12.6 ± 1.3* / 7.2 ± 1.1** / 41.1 ± 9.0**
Ru5P / 9.6 ± 1.5 / 10.4 ± 2.6 / 7.3 ± 1.1 / 10.1 ± 2.5 / 4.4 ± 2.1** / 7.5 ± 2.2 / 23.2 ± 4.1** / 10.2 ± 1.4 / 37.0 ± 7.3**
R5P / 7.0 ± 0.2 / 7.2 ± 0.8 / 8.8 ± 0.9** / 3.8 ± 0.7** / 6.5 ± 2.6 / 4.8 ± 0.7** / 10.0 ± 1.3 / 8.3 ± 0.4** / 21.4 ± 2.0**
Shikimate pathway
Cinnamate / 180.8 ± 17.1 / 100.5 ± 10.5** / 99.6 ± 11.4** / 77.2 ± 29.0** / 109.0 ± 10.9** / 45.5 ± 19.0** / 141.2 ± 18.1* / 81.4 ± 2.9** / 120.3 ± 1.5**
Shikimate / 47.0 ± 6.8 / 29.9 ± 4.3** / 33.6 ± 7.0* / 165.7 ± 93.7* / 46.9 ± 5.0 / 21.9 ± 2.2** / 54.5 ± 19.1 / 40.3 ± 1.7 / 302.5 ± 50.7**
Coumarate / 7.8 ± 1.7 / 5.2 ± 0.6* / 9.8 ± 1.1 / 12.8 ± 2.0** / 7.4 ± 1.4 / 15.0 ± 6.0** / 7.3 ± 0.6 / 9.6 ± 1.5 / 9.4 ± 2.1
Oxalate and its precursors
Oxalate / 136956.0 ± 28470.6 / 105616.4 ± 4543.2 / 90252.1 ± 4963.6** / 85845.7 ± 8074.4** / 67550.0 ± 2439.0** / 77142.3±11447.8** / 76812.5 ± 8671.8** / 85430.9 ± 9198.4** / 26274.2 ± 4411.7**
Ascorbate / 16060.7 ± 1963.0 / 8088.5 ± 1551.1** / 8592.9 ± 1623.9** / 8775.0 ± 299.8** / 10841.9 ± 1172.4** / 5343.5 ± 1172.5** / 1082.0 ± 85.5** / 5177.1 ± 988.5** / 4455.0 ± 391.7**
Glycolate / 18.4 ± 4.8 / 46.2 ± 9.9** / 32.9 ± 11.0 / 15.3 ± 8.9 / 23.6 ± 4.3 / 21.9 ± 3.1 / 82.0 ± 25.5** / 25.6 ± 4.2 / 88.7 ± 15.5**
Supplementary Table 1.Metabolite compositions in leaves from Rumex species and F. japonica.
Values (nmol gFW-1) are presented as the mean ± s.d. (n=3). * P<0.1, ** P<0.05.
Abbreviations: 3PGA, 3-phosphoglycerate; PEP, phosphoenolpyruvate; PA, Pyruvate; DHAP, dihydroxyaceton phosphate; FBP, fluctose-1,5-bisphosphate; 2OG, 2-oxoglutarate; G6P, glucose-1-phosphate; RuBP, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate; 6PGA, 6-phosphoglycerate; Ru5P, ribulose-5-phosphate; R5P, ribose-5-phosphate.
Supplementary Table 1 (continue).Metabolite compositions in leaves from Rumex species and F. japonica
Metabolites / R. obtusifolius / R. sanguineus / R. conglomeratus / R. crispus / R. japonicus / R. patientia / R. scutatus / R. acetosa / F. japonicaAmino Acid
Aspartate family
Asp / 854.7 ± 57.8 / 524.8 ± 50.5 ** / 789.7 ± 88.0 / 486.6 ± 59.9** / 707.3 ± 53.7** / 739.3 ± 103.7 / 458.2 ± 23.4** / 828.6 ± 270.5 / 507.5 ± 19.9**
Thr / 169.5 ± 12.7 / 197.1 ± 30.1 / 166.6 ± 18.8 / 101.1 ± 3.5** / 108.3 ± 8.1** / 154.0 ± 18.0 / 228.1 ± 42.6* / 154.7 ± 8.2 / 88.9 ± 9.7**
Asn / 117.2 ± 5.5 / 94.3 ± 19.9 / 64.3 ± 9.6** / 61.4 ± 7.4** / 68.9 ± 12.0** / 86.6 ± 22.2 / 86.3 ± 3.2** / 94.5 ± 17.8 / 58.9 ± 2.9**
Met / 61.9 ± 3.1 / 39.0 ± 7.9** / 32.4 ± 3.1** / 32.2 ± 1.4** / 32.1 ± 3.0** / 33.7 ± 3.9** / 32.2 ± 1.4** / 39.3 ± 6.9** / 48.2 ± 1.2**
Lys / 15.6 ± 1.1 / 11.9 ± 0.8** / 12.3 ± 0.6** / 11.3 ± 0.6** / 12.8 ± 2.4 / 10.0 ± 1.1** / 22.0 ± 5.1 / 9.5 ± 0.5** / 14.9 ± 0.7
Glutamate family
Gln / 4236.2 ± 554.4 / 1835.1 ± 504.1** / 1655.7 ± 224.8** / 1087.2 ± 164.4** / 846.8 ± 160.0** / 1218.3 ± 75.5** / 2352.6 ± 143.0** / 1960.9 ± 794.3** / 1401.6 ± 71.3**
Glu / 4009.3 ± 186.7 / 2752.2 ± 219.8** / 2385.5 ± 174.0** / 2644.2 ± 343.0** / 2406.4 ± 283.5** / 2825.9 ± 450.0** / 2411.1 ± 231.3** / 2480.9 ± 287.4** / 3400.4 ± 80.6**
Pro / 397.7 ± 224.5 / 104.3 ± 47.4* / 73.2 ± 11.2* / 90.7 ± 7.8* / 87.4 ± 49.6* / 101.1 ± 11.9** / 231.1 ± 16.2 / 101.4 ± 58.4* / 261.2 ± 118.2
Arg / 154.9 ± 6.9 / 15.5 ± 3.2** / 13.0 ± 1.0** / 12.1 ± 0.9** / 8.8 ± 1.2** / 12.8 ± 0.1** / 49.0 ± 23.6** / 13.4 ± 2.7** / 62.9 ± 2.6**
Serine family
Ser / 701.1 ± 62.8 / 519.7 ± 8.4** / 417.0 ± 26.6** / 501.8 ± 38.7** / 426.6 ± 11.6** / 696.4 ± 138.0 / 290.4 ± 90.4** / 786.1 ± 144.2 / 826.2 ± 38.3**
Gly / 59.6 ± 17.1 / 32.7 ± 1.0* / 49.4 ± 2.0 / 40.6 ± 13.9 / 41.8 ± 3.9 / 40.9 ± 2.3 / 31.7 ± 8.6* / 58.4 ± 17.9 / 35.5 ± 2.7*
Cys / 16.1 ± 1.5 / 17.8 ± 3.5 / 24.0 ± 2.2** / 16.4 ± 1.6 / 16.6 ± 0.7 / 21.2 ± 1.0** / 13.3 ± 2.6 / 13.4 ± 2.7 / 18.4 ± 4.5
Pyruvate family
Ala / 584.2 ± 74.5 / 258.0 ± 34.0** / 403.6 ± 110.1* / 291.6 ± 36.0** / 393.9 ± 108.5* / 256.6 ± 63.6** / 164.2 ± 41.5** / 416.7 ± 61.4** / 326.2 ± 27.8**
Val / 107.6 ± 4.3 / 33.9 ± 8.8** / 48.1 ± 4.2** / 40.4 ± 5.1** / 47.2 ± 6.5** / 43.3 ± 7.0** / 49.6 ± 7.9** / 43.6 ± 4.7** / 65.9 ± 10.0**
Leu / Ile / 58.0 ± 3.5 / 19.3 ± 3.2** / 25.3 ± 5.0** / 23.8 ± 3.0** / 26.3 ± 4.6** / 21.0 ± 3.8** / 17.8 ± 1.2** / 23.2 ± 2.5** / 37.0 ± 0.4**
Aromatic amino acids
Phe / 51.9 ± 3.8 / 28.0 ± 4.8** / 38.1 ± 3.1** / 40.5 ± 5.0** / 38.6 ± 3.1** / 37.7 ± 4.7** / 36.0 ± 8.1** / 28.6 ± 5.0** / 25.8 ± 3.6**
Tyr / 12.3 ± 1.0 / 5.5 ± 0.4** / 10.3 ± 0.9* / 10.8 ± 0.6* / 12.5 ± 0.9 / 9.2 ± 0.1** / 5.8 ± 0.7** / 8.6 ± 2.0** / 13.0 ± 0.3
Trp / 8.3 ± 0.5 / 6.2 ± 0.9 * / 8.6 ± 3.0 / 5.5 ± 2.7 / 13.4 ± 2.6** / 4.4 ± 1.3** / 7.2 ± 1.8 / 6.5 ± 2.3 / 12.6 ± 2.8*
Histidine family
His / 37.9 ± 0.8 / 13.7 ± 4.3** / 13.5 ± 4.5** / 8.3 ± 0.1** / 7.4 ± 1.7** / 7.6 ± 0.6** / 47.2 ± 13.6 / 15.5 ± 1.4** / 29.8 ± 2.7**
Others
Citrulline / 48.9 ± 6.0 / 33.0 ± 7.5 / 35.0 ± 5.8** / 29.6 ± 5.6** / 22.3 ± 2.1** / 250.7 ± 91.8** / 16.9 ± 2.2** / 13.8 ± 3.5** / 61.1 ± 2.3**
GABA / 27.7 ± 2.3 / 21.5 ± 4.5* / 39.1 ± 5.6** / 41.8 ± 3.4** / 15.7 ± 1.2** / 18.4 ± 4.0** / 14.6 ± 3.2** / 12.5 ± 2.9** / 14.3 ± 1.7**
Ornithine / 7.0 ± 1.6 / 5.1 ± 1.5 / 6.8 ± 2.0 / 3.0 ± 1.2** / 3.4 ± 2.4* / 4.1 ± 1.0* / 3.6 ± 0.9** / 8.0 ± 1.7 / 8.2 ± 5.1
Values (nmolgFW-1) are presented as the mean ± s.d. (n=3). * P<0.1, ** P<0.05.
Abbreviations:GABA, gamma-aminobutyric acid.